In this chapter, Lieberman explains how the body is able to adapt to the environment.\u00a0 The ability of the body to respond to environmental factors is called phenotypic plasticity, and some examples of this include tanning in the summer and gaining thicker bones with exercise.\u00a0 However, if humans move to a different environment, these adaptations can become mismatched.\u00a0 Additionally, the body requires stresses, such as exercise or sunlight to gain these adaptations.\u00a0 This “use it or lose it” situation can create mismatch if the necessary amount of stress is not met.\u00a0 One example of this is osteoporosis.\u00a0 Bones require regular exercise to cause small deformations, which heal and cause the bone to grow back stronger.\u00a0 Osteoporosis can occur in the absence of regular exercise and calcium deficiencies.\u00a0 Another mismatch is wisdom teeth that do not fit in the jaw.\u00a0 Lieberman explains that farmers often had awful teeth with cavities, and 25% of them with impacted wisdom teeth.\u00a0 However, hunter gatherers have no problems with impacted teeth.\u00a0 Lieberman suggests that during childhood, repeated chewing on tough foods is necessary to align the teeth correctly and strengthen the jaw.\u00a0 However, foods today do not require strenuous chewing, so modern humans must rely on orthodontists and oral surgeons to fix the resulting dental problems.\u00a0 Additionally, Lieberman explains that early exposure to microbes is important to stress the immune system properly.\u00a0 If this does not occur, humans are more at risk for allergies and autoimmune diseases.\u00a0 Lieberman suggests that it is important to learn the cause of mismatch disease such as allergies, to treat the source of the problem.\u00a0 He explains that all of these diseases are a result of dysevolution, where we treat the symptoms but not the cause.\u00a0 He argues that many mismatch diseases can be prevented with regular exercise and a healthy diet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
In this chapter, Lieberman explains how the body is able to adapt to the environment.\u00a0 The ability of the body to respond to environmental factors is called phenotypic plasticity, and some examples of this include tanning in the summer and gaining thicker bones with exercise.\u00a0 However, if humans move to a different environment, these adaptations … Continue reading “Disuse”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3707,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[450948],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-disuse"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3707"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34\/revisions\/102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/caroline-langley\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}