{"id":27,"date":"2011-08-04T19:16:44","date_gmt":"2011-08-04T19:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/?page_id=27"},"modified":"2011-10-11T21:27:44","modified_gmt":"2011-10-11T21:27:44","slug":"defenders","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/defenders\/","title":{"rendered":"DEFENDERS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>19.\u00a0 LECTURE: Monday<em>, October 3<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Khrushchev Attempts to Rejuvenate Leninism.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> Stalin\u2019s death (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=T-EwVVm89og&amp;feature=related\">video<\/a> in Russian) is a perfect example of a world- historical event.\u00a0 In 1953, the question was how to take advantage of the opportunity.\u00a0 The new First Secretary<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/files\/2011\/08\/khr2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-255\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/files\/2011\/08\/khr2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" \/><\/a> of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, answered this question in one of the most influential speeches in the history of world communism.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>\u201cZ\u201d (Martin Malia), \u201cTo the Stalin Mausoleum,\u201d section VIII.\u00a0 <em>Course Reader<\/em><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Nikita Khrushchev\u2019s secret speech to the 20th Congress of the CPSU, February 25, 1956:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nd.edu\/~amcadams\/Communism_2010\/Secret%20speech.html\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (Print)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>William Rosenberg and Marilyn Young, <em>Transforming Russia and China<\/em>, pp. 244-74.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>20.\u00a0 LECTURE:\u00a0 Wednes<em>day, October 5<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Crisis in Eastern Europe:\u00a0 Hungary and Poland<\/strong>.\u00a0 The striking difference between the tumultuous events in Hungary and Poland in 1956 is that one led to military intervention by Soviet bloc troops (see the videos <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hungary1956.com\/audiovideo\/Five_days_of_freedom_in_Budapest.avi\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/media\/video\/otdvideo\/56\/11\/12\/nb\/4740_12-11-56_4x3_nb.ram\">here<\/a> of the Hungarian revolution) and the other did not.\u00a0 What did Hungary\u2019s leaders do that Poland\u2019s leaders managed to avoid?\u00a0 Were the\u00a0issues different?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><em>Previously secret:\u00a0 <\/em>The politburo of the CPSU meets to discuss the situation in Hungary and Poland, October 24, 1956:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&amp;fuseaction=va2.document&amp;identifier=E19CA50E-C952-5E1B-2662901FEE434CBB&amp;sort=Collection&amp;item=1956%20Hungarian%20Revolution\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Previously secret:\u00a0 <\/em>In an, at times, perversely sardonic speech, Nikita Khrushchev reports to party activists: November 4, 1956:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nd.edu\/~amcadams\/Communism_2010\/khrushchevonhungary.html\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Map of Budapest (for lecture):\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps?um=1&amp;hl=en&amp;rls=com.microsoft:en-us&amp;q=budapest%20map%20google%20world&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;sa=N&amp;tab=il\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Chronology of the Hungarian Revolution:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us\/~sgati\/gatiproductions\/starting_over\/revolution.htm\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>21.\u00a0 DISCUSSION SECTION: <em>Friday, October 7<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Paragraph Assignment<\/em>:\u00a0 What are the essential features of Nikita Khrushchev&#8217;s definition of &#8220;Leninism&#8221;?<\/p>\n<p>To what extent should we consider Khrushchev\u2019s \u201csecret speech\u201d to have been <em>necessary<\/em> at this point in his country&#8217;s history?\u00a0 Given the impact of the speech on the Soviet Union\u2019s allies in eastern Europe, should he have chosen his words differently?\u00a0 Read the \u201csecret speech\u201d carefully, print it, and bring it to this discussion section.<\/p>\n<div><strong><br \/>\n22. LECTURE: <em>Monday,\u00a0<\/em><em>October 10<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Re-revolutionizing Communism in China<\/strong>:\u00a0 \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PDvJYs_yESY&amp;feature=related\">The East is Red<\/a>.\u201c\u00a0 Like Stalin\u2019s terror in the Soviet Union, China\u2019s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is one of those multi-year events that defies easy explanation, both because of its goals and because of its savage brutality (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bkt6O4QW45s&amp;feature=related\">video<\/a>).\u00a0 One question is why Mao unleashed his terror.\u00a0 Another<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/files\/2011\/08\/416px-Great_Leap_forward_poster.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-303\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/files\/2011\/08\/416px-Great_Leap_forward_poster-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/files\/2011\/08\/416px-Great_Leap_forward_poster-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/files\/2011\/08\/416px-Great_Leap_forward_poster.jpg 416w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" \/><\/a> is why he was <em>able<\/em> to do it.\u00a0 Why would anyone agree that it was important to destroy one&#8217;s country in order to build it?\u00a0 Among the peasantry and many communists, especially the young, there was enormous enthusiasm for the Cultural Revolution, as well as for the tragic Great Leap Forward that preceded it.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Mao Zedong, \u201cOn the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People,\u201d February 27, 1957:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nd.edu\/~amcadams\/Communism_2010\/Correcthandling.html\">HERE<\/a>. (Print)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Deng Xiaoping,\u00a0 \u201cCorrectly Disseminate Mao Zedong Thought,\u201d May 25, 1960:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/dengxp\/vol1\/text\/a1340.html\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (Print)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\u201cCircular on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,\u201d May 16, 1966: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.marxists.org\/subject\/china\/documents\/cpc\/cc_gpcr.htm\">HERE<\/a> (Print)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Rosenberg and Young, <em>Transforming Russia and China<\/em>,<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/files\/2011\/08\/mao.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-257\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/files\/2011\/08\/mao.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"285\" height=\"177\" \/><\/a> remaining chapters on China,\u00a0 including the Great Leap Forward and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.\u00a0 (Note:\u00a0 They get a little starry-eyed when they talk about the Cultural Revolution, so remember that this ten-year event led to the deaths of millions of people and destroyed the lives of hundreds of millions of others).<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Previously secret:\u00a0 <\/em>CIA Intelligence Report, \u201cThe Cultural Revolution and the New Political System in China,\u201d\u00a0 pp. 1-28, October 30, 1970:<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.foia.cia.gov\/browse_docs.asp?doc_no=0000393364\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>23.\u00a0 THE &#8220;GREAT TA DEBATE&#8221;: <em>Wednesday, October 12<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em>Shmulik and Esteban square off on\u00a0one of the most enduring questions for all humanity<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><strong>&#8220;Lenin was wrong.\u00a0 If you begin with violence, you&#8217;ll end up with violence.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>24.\u00a0 <\/em>DISCUSSION SECTION<em>:\u00a0 Friday,\u00a0 October 14<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Paragraph Assignment<\/em>:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Compare and contrast &#8220;On the\u00a0 Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People&#8221;\u00a0with Lenin&#8217;s\u00a0<em>State and Revolution<\/em>.\u00a0 Which of the two leaders&#8217; conceptions of political change is likely to\u00a0lead to the most\u00a0violence?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>MID-TERM BREAK:\u00a0 October 15-23<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>The use of electronic devices of any kind, including laptops, video cameras, cell phones, and personal digital devices, is prohibited in my classroom!<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/defenders\/\">Top of Page<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/founders\/\">Founders<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/competitors\/\">Competitors<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/defenders\/\">Defenders<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/reformers\/\">Reformers<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/losers\/\">Losers<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>19.\u00a0 LECTURE: Monday, October 3 Khrushchev Attempts to Rejuvenate Leninism.\u00a0\u00a0 Stalin\u2019s death (video in Russian) is a perfect example of a world- historical event.\u00a0 In 1953, the question was how to take advantage of the opportunity.\u00a0 The new First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, answered this question in one [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":114,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27\/revisions\/311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}