{"id":29,"date":"2011-08-04T19:17:03","date_gmt":"2011-08-04T19:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/?page_id=29"},"modified":"2011-11-29T20:58:35","modified_gmt":"2011-11-29T20:58:35","slug":"reformers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/reformers\/","title":{"rendered":"REFORMERS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>25. LECTURE: <em>Monday, October 24<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sealing the European Divide<\/strong>.\u00a0 In this lecture, I will consider the practical and symbolic signicance of the erection of the Berlin Wall.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><em>Previously secret:\u00a0 <\/em>Letter from Walter Ulbricht to Nikita Khrushchev,\u00a0 September 15, 1961:\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/coldwarfiles\/files\/Documents\/19610915_Ulbricht_Khrushchev.pdf\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Previously secret:\u00a0 <\/em>Nikita Khrushchev responds to Walter Ulbricht, September 28, 1961:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/coldwarfiles\/files\/Documents\/19610928_Khrushchev_Ulbricht.pdf\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Maps:<br \/>\nDivided Germany:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a9\/Germany_occupation_zones_with_border.jpg\">HERE<\/a><br \/>\nInter-German Border:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/19\/BGS_Puma_inner_German_border.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:BGS_Puma_inner_German_border.jpg&amp;usg=__C7LrVOGiKLrc5jcvce_Bjkm9_To=&amp;h=1883&amp;w=2754&amp;sz=2858&amp;hl=en&amp;start=109&amp;zoom=1&amp;um=1&amp;itbs=1&amp;tbnid=jqi7xS1AileTeM:&amp;tbnh=103&amp;tbnw=150&amp;prev=\/images%3Fq%3Dinner-german%2Bborder%26start%3D100%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1&amp;ei=r_-ITfjuA-yG0QGNwqSzDg\">HERE<br \/>\n<\/a>Berlin Wall:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org\/pdf\/eng\/GHI_p961Berlin_a4_mb_E.pdf\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>26.\u00a0 LECTURE:\u00a0 <em>Wednesday, October 26<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Czechoslovakia tries and fails to define a version of socialism with a \u201chuman face.\u201d\u00a0 The experiments in socialist reform in both Hungary (1956) andCzechoslovakia (1968) were both overturned by Soviet bloc troops.\u00a0 The Czechoslovaks were different than their neighbors in that they tried to engage in reform <em>within<\/em> Marxism-Leninism.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The \u201cAction Program\u201d of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, April 10, 1968 (excerpts): <a href=\"http:\/\/library.thinkquest.org\/C001155\/documents\/doc13.htm\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (Print version will be clearer than the screen)<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\u201cTwo thousand words that belong to workers, farmers, officials, scientists, artists and everybody,\u201d June 27, 1968:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/library.thinkquest.org\/C001155\/documents\/doc26.htm\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (Print version will be clearer than the screen)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>An excellent video of the \u201cPrague spring\u201d: <a href=\"http:\/\/tutor2u.net\/blog\/index.php\/history\/comments\/revision-video-czechoslovakia-and-the-prague-spring-1968\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>&#8220;The Unbearable Lightness of Being&#8221;\u00a0 (excerpt):\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C1wcrIHYVmE\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Pravda<\/em> justifies the crushing of the \u201cPrague Spring,\u201d August 22, 1968:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1968brezhnev.html\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>27.\u00a0 DISCUSSION SECTION:<em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Friday, October 28<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For this section, I want you to focus on the idea of reforming the communist party.\u00a0 In 1968, Czechoslovakia&#8217;s leaders\u00a0sought to carve out a distinctive approach to building &#8220;socialism with a human face.&#8221;\u00a0 In many respects, they aimed to do this\u00a0by\u00a0<em>reforming<\/em>\u00a0 party.\u00a0 My question is whether such a party was possible.\u00a0 For\u00a0this section, I would like you to identify what they meant by this idea by discussing the &#8220;Two Thousand Words&#8221; document and the &#8220;Action Program.&#8221;\u00a0 Please also bring Khrushchev&#8217;s &#8220;Secret Speech&#8221; with you.\u00a0 How would Khrushchev&#8217;s understanding of the communist party contrast with the Czechoslovaks&#8217; conception.<\/p>\n<p><em>Paragraph assignment<\/em>.\u00a0 Respond to this statement:\u00a0 &#8220;The Czechoslovaks&#8217; efforts to\u00a0reform the communist party wouldn&#8217;t have worked even if the Soviets had\u00a0decided not to invade.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>28.\u00a0 LECTURE:\u00a0 <em>Monday, October 31<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Strategies of Stabilization.\u00a0 After the crushing of the Prague Spring, the leaders of the communist regimes in the Soviet Union and East Europe were intent upon finding ways to buy off the loyalties of their populations.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Kadar\u2019s \u201cGoulash Communism\u201d:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osaarchivum.org\/files\/holdings\/300\/8\/3\/text\/36-7-72.shtml\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Announcing the new &#8220;Wartburg 1000&#8221;:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1UxkVdOHGPY&amp;feature=related\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Building the Trabant:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zBsPFI--muo\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>&#8220;Wir tragen die blaue Fahne&#8221;:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nackQiSUdZ4\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Vaclav Havel, <em>Open Letters.<\/em>\u00a0 Read the first half of the essay \u201cPower of the Powerless.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>29.\u00a0 LECTURE: <em>Wednesday, November 2<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>An emerging Culture of Dissident in the Soviet Bloc.<\/strong>\u00a0 In the context of the communist regimes\u2019 stabilization strategies, small groups of dissidents and intellectuals began to test the limits of permissible behavior.\u00a0 It\u2019 is important to differentiate between what we think their grivances should have been and what they actually were.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Second Wind,&#8221; in Vaclav Havel, <em>Open Letters<\/em>, pp. 3-9.<\/li>\n<li>Plastic People of the Universe:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ijmn1TWc53k&amp;feature=related\">HERE<\/a>\u00a0 (From what song did Havel&#8217;s favorite band get its name?)<\/li>\n<li>\u201cDeclaration of Charter \u201877,\u201d January 1, 1977:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/libpro.cts.cuni.cz\/charta\/docs\/declaration_of_charter_77.pdf\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>Previously secret:\u00a0 C<\/em>entral Intelligence Agency, \u201cDissident Activity in Eastern Europe:\u00a0 An Overview,\u201d April 1, 1977:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gwu.edu\/~nsarchiv\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB213\/usdocs\/USDoc3.pdf\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>30.\u00a0<\/strong> <strong>DISCUSSION SECTION: <em>Friday, November 4<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\nDiscuss the first half (sections I-XV) of \u201dThe Power of the Powerless\u201d in Vaclav Havel, <em>Open Letters.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Paragraph Assignment<\/em>:\u00a0\u00a0 If you had lived in communist eastern Europe at the time Havel was writing, would you have acted differently than the green grocer?<\/p>\n<p><strong>31.\u00a0 LECTURE:<\/strong>\u00a0 <strong><em>Monday, November 7<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The End of the Cultural Revolution and\u00a0the Makings\u00a0of a \u201cNew China.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 I will speculate on what kind of change was or was not possible in China in the 1970s.\u00a0 It\u2019s interesting to compare this period with Nikita Khrushchev\u2019s pronouncements at the 20th Congress of the CPSU.\u00a0 There are some similarities and differences.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Deng Xiaoping, \u201cThe \u2018Two-Whatever\u2019 Policy Does Not Accord With Marxism,\u201d\u00a0 May 24, 1977 (excerpts):\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bjreview.com.cn\/nation\/txt\/2009-05\/26\/content_197547.htm\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Deng Xiaoping, \u201cMao Zedong thought must be correctly understood,\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 Third Plenary Session of the Tenth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, July 21, 1977 (excerpt):\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/dengxp\/vol2\/text\/b1120.html\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (Print)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>32.\u00a0 IN-CLASS FILM: <em>Wednesday, November 9<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><strong><br \/>\n&#8220;Journey to Russia&#8221;<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>33.\u00a0 DISCUSSION SECTION, Friday, November 11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Havel II, Paragraph Assignment:\u00a0\u00a0 We conclude our discussion of Havel\u2019s \u201cPower of the Powerless.\u201d\u00a0 What must happen for the green grocer to live within the truth, or even to want to live in the truth?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Your second essay assignment\u00a0is\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nd.edu\/~amcadams\/Communism_Fall2011\/commfall2011essay2[1].docx\">HERE<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\"><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>The use of electronic devices of any kind, including laptops, video cameras, cell phones, and personal digital devices, is prohibited in my classroom!<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/reformers\/\">Top of Page<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/founders\/\">Founders<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/competitors\/\">Competitors<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/defenders\/\">Defenders<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/reformers\/\">Reformers<\/a><\/strong><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/losers\/\">Losers<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>25. LECTURE: Monday, October 24 Sealing the European Divide.\u00a0 In this lecture, I will consider the practical and symbolic signicance of the erection of the Berlin Wall. Previously secret:\u00a0 Letter from Walter Ulbricht to Nikita Khrushchev,\u00a0 September 15, 1961:\u00a0\u00a0 HERE Previously secret:\u00a0 Nikita Khrushchev responds to Walter Ulbricht, September 28, 1961:\u00a0 HERE Maps: Divided Germany:\u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":114,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29\/revisions\/44"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-fall2011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}