{"id":17,"date":"2015-01-04T14:28:55","date_gmt":"2015-01-04T18:28:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/?page_id=17"},"modified":"2015-03-24T17:17:28","modified_gmt":"2015-03-24T21:17:28","slug":"page-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/page-4\/","title":{"rendered":"DEFENDERS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"posttitle\" style=\"color: #333333\"><strong><strong>24. LECTURE:\u00a0<em>Monday, \u00a0March 16<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"entry\" style=\"color: #333333\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"entry\" style=\"color: #333333\">No Class: \u00a0On this date, I will be in Dublin. \u00a0We are \u00a0inaugurating a new lecture series for Notre Dame.<\/div>\n<div class=\"entry\" style=\"color: #333333\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"entry\" style=\"color: #333333\">\u00a0<strong>25. \u00a0LECTURE<\/strong>: \u00a0Wednesday, March 18<\/div>\n<div class=\"entry\" style=\"color: #333333\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_234\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-234\" style=\"width: 474px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/berlin-wall-construction-1961.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-234\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/berlin-wall-construction-1961-1024x799.jpg\" alt=\"Building the Berlin Wall, August 1961\" width=\"474\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/berlin-wall-construction-1961-1024x799.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/berlin-wall-construction-1961-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/berlin-wall-construction-1961.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-234\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Building the Berlin Wall, August 1961<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Sealing the Division of Europe<\/strong><em>. \u00a0 \u00a0<\/em>In this lecture, I will consider the practical and symbolic significance of the erection of the Berlin Wall.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Previously secret:\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Letter from Walter Ulbricht to Nikita Khrushchev,\u00a0 September 15, 1961:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org\/translations\/6894.pdf\">HERE<br \/>\n<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Maps:<br \/>\nDivided Germany:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a9\/Germany_occupation_zones_with_border.jpg\">HERE<\/a><br \/>\nInter-German Border:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/19\/BGS_Puma_inner_German_border.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:BGS_Puma_inner_German_border.jpg&amp;usg=__C7LrVOGiKLrc5jcvce_Bjkm9_To=&amp;h=1883&amp;w=2754&amp;sz=2858&amp;hl=en&amp;start=109&amp;zoom=1&amp;um=1&amp;itbs=1&amp;tbnid=jqi7xS1AileTeM:&amp;tbnh=103&amp;tbnw=150&amp;prev=\/images%3Fq%3Dinner-german%2Bborder%26start%3D100%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1&amp;ei=r_-ITfjuA-yG0QGNwqSzDg\">HERE<br \/>\n<\/a>Berlin Wall:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org\/pdf\/eng\/GHI_p961Berlin_a4_mb_E.pdf\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>26. \u00a0DISCUSSION SECTION: \u00a0Friday, March 20<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For this section,\u00a0I would like you to engage in an open-ended and spirited discussion about how far we should be willing to go to defend domestic and international stability. \u00a0In 1961, the US accepted the construction of the Berlin Wall because it was not worth the threat to world peace to challenge the Soviet and East German governments. \u00a0Everywhere and at any time politicians face this challenge between their ideals (e.g., about human rights) and their &#8220;realistic&#8221; assessment of conditions (e.g., the need for social peace). \u00a0How does this tension apply to our own country&#8217;s foreign and domestic policies?<\/p>\n<p><em>Paragraph Assignment<\/em>: \u00a0When our own territorial integrity is not threatened, are there circumstances in which we are obligated\u00a0to go to war in defense of a country or people whose values we share? \u00a0Or, aside from treaty obligations, are there no such obligations?<\/p>\n<p>After this section, you should begin reading Vaclav Havel&#8217;s magnificent, &#8220;Power of the Powerless.&#8221; \u00a0We will discuss the first half of the essay at next week&#8217;s section.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n27. \u00a0LECTURE: \u00a0Monday, March 23<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Czechoslovakia tries and fails to define a version of socialism with a \u201chuman face.\u201d\u00a0 The experiments in socialist reform in both Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968) were both overturned by Soviet bloc troops.\u00a0 The Czechoslovaks were different than their neighbors in that they tried to engage in reform\u00a0<em>within<\/em>\u00a0Marxism-Leninism.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The \u201cAction Program\u201d of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, April 10, 1968 (excerpts):<a href=\"http:\/\/www.historyandtheheadlines.abc-clio.com\/contentpages\/ContentPage.aspx?entryId=1245889&amp;currentSection=1245759&amp;productid=14\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Print and Read<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\u201cTwo thousand words that belong to workers, farmers, officials, scientists, artists and everybody,\u201d June 27, 1968:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dhr.history.vt.edu\/modules\/eu\/mod05_1968\/evidence_detail_13.html\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>An excellent video of the \u201cPrague spring\u201d:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tutor2u.net\/blog\/index.php\/history\/comments\/revision-video-czechoslovakia-and-the-prague-spring-1968\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Keep \u00a0reading Havel&#8217;s &#8220;Power of the Powerless&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n28.\u00a0 LECTURE: \u00a0Wednesday, March 25<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Strategies of Stabilization<\/strong>.\u00a0 After the crushing of the Prague Spring, the leaders of the communist regimes in the Soviet Union and East Europe were intent upon finding ways to buy off the loyalties of their populations. \u00a0When Vaclav Havel refers in &#8220;Power of the Powerless&#8221; to a post-totalitarian society, he is speaking about these strategies.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Kadar\u2019s \u201cGoulash Communism\u201d: \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goulash_Communism\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Announcing the new \u201cWartburg 1000\u2033:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1UxkVdOHGPY&amp;feature=related\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Building the Trabant:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zBsPFI--muo\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Trabant Crash Test: \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oF4phDLfGF4\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\u201cWir tragen die blaue Fahne\u201d:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nackQiSUdZ4\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n29. \u00a0DISCUSSION SECTION: \u00a0Friday, March 27<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_106\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-106\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/havel2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-106\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/havel2.jpg\" alt=\"Police photos of Vaclav Havel\" width=\"650\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/havel2.jpg 650w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/havel2-300x128.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-106\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police photos of Vaclav Havel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In this section, we will discuss the first half of Vaclav Havel&#8217;s &#8220;Power of the Powerless&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><em>Paragraph assignment<\/em>: \u00a0In Havel&#8217;s characterization, what are the defining differences between totalitarianism and post-totalitarianism?<\/p>\n<p>In preparation for\u00a0this discussion, also consult:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Plastic People of the Universe:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ijmn1TWc53k&amp;feature=related\">HERE<\/a>\u00a0 (Do you have to be a good musician to be a good dissident? \u00a0From what song and what superlative\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=A3biwldG0KY\">musical group<\/a> did Havel\u2019s favorite band get its name?)\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_519\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-519\" style=\"width: 1120px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/plastic-people.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-519\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/plastic-people.jpg\" alt=\"Havel's favorite band:  Plastic People of the Universe\" width=\"1120\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/plastic-people.jpg 1120w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/plastic-people-292x300.jpg 292w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/plastic-people-996x1024.jpg 996w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1120px) 100vw, 1120px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-519\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Havel&#8217;s favorite band: Plastic People of the Universe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>\u201cDeclaration of Charter &#8217;77,\u201d January 1, 1977:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/libpro.cts.cuni.cz\/charta\/docs\/declaration_of_charter_77.pdf\">HERE<\/a>\u00a0(<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Read and Print<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>30. \u00a0LECTURE: \u00a0Monday, March 30<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The emerging Culture of Dissident in the Soviet Bloc.<\/strong>\u00a0 In the context of the communist regimes\u2019 stabilization strategies, small groups of dissidents and intellectuals began to test the limits of permissible behavior.\u00a0 It\u2019 is important to differentiate between what we think their grievances should have been and what they actually were.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Previously secret:\u00a0 C<\/em>entral Intelligence Agency, \u201cDissident Activity\u00a0in Eastern Europe:\u00a0 An Overview,\u201d April 1, 1977: <em>\u00a0Skim<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gwu.edu\/~nsarchiv\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB213\/usdocs\/USDoc3.pdf\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>31. \u00a0LECTURE: \u00a0Wednesday, \u00a0April 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_278\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-278\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/deng.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-278\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/deng.jpg\" alt=\"Deng Xiaoping interprets Maoism &quot;as an integral whole&quot;\" width=\"500\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/deng.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/files\/2015\/01\/deng-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-278\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deng Xiaoping interprets Maoism &#8220;as an integral whole&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>The End of the Cultural Revolution and\u00a0the Makings\u00a0of a \u201cNew China.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 I will speculate on what kind of change was or was not possible in China in the 1970s.\u00a0 It\u2019s interesting to compare this period with Nikita Khrushchev\u2019s pronouncements at the 20th Congress of the CPSU.\u00a0 There are some similarities and differences.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Deng Xiaoping, \u201cThe \u2018Two-Whatever\u2019 Policy Does Not Accord With Marxism,\u201d\u00a0 May 24, 1977 (excerpts):\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bjreview.com.cn\/nation\/txt\/2009-05\/26\/content_197547.htm\">HERE<\/a>\u00a0(<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Print and Read<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>Deng Xiaoping, \u201cMao Zedong thought must be correctly understood,\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 Third Plenary Session of the Tenth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, July 21, 1977 (excerpt):\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/dengxp\/vol2\/text\/b1120.html\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Print and Read<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n32. \u00a0NO DISCUSSION SECTION:<em>\u00a0 \u00a0April 3<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Easter: \u00a0April 3 &#8211; April 6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>The use of electronic devices of any kind, including laptops, video cameras, cell phones, motion detectors, and personal digital devices, is prohibited in my classroom!<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>24. LECTURE:\u00a0Monday, \u00a0March 16 .\u00a0 No Class: \u00a0On this date, I will be in Dublin. \u00a0We are \u00a0inaugurating a new lecture series for Notre Dame. \u00a0. \u00a025. \u00a0LECTURE: \u00a0Wednesday, March 18 Sealing the Division of Europe. \u00a0 \u00a0In this lecture, I will consider the practical and symbolic significance of the erection of the Berlin Wall. &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/page-4\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">DEFENDERS<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":114,"featured_media":341,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17"}],"version-history":[{"count":62,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":534,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions\/534"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism-spring-2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}