{"id":143,"date":"2011-01-12T21:58:18","date_gmt":"2011-01-12T21:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/?page_id=143"},"modified":"2011-04-07T19:10:58","modified_gmt":"2011-04-07T19:10:58","slug":"reformers-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism\/?page_id=143","title":{"rendered":"REFORMERS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/JPIIPoland.jpg\"><\/a>27. LECTURE:\u00a0<em> Monday, March 28<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Czechoslovakia tries and fails to define a version of socialism with a \u201chuman face.\u201d\u00a0 The experiments in socialist\u00a0reform in both Hungary (1956) and<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/PragueSpring2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-415\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/PragueSpring2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"163\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/0819PragueSpring.jpg\"><\/a> Czechoslovakia (1968) were both overturned by Soviet bloc troops.\u00a0\u00a0The Czechoslovaks were different\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/PragueSpring1.jpg\"><\/a>than their <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/PragueSpring.jpg\"><\/a>neighbors in that they tried to engage in reform <em>within<\/em> Marxism-Leninism.\u00a0 You can watch an excellent video of the \u201cPrague spring\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/tutor2u.net\/blog\/index.php\/history\/comments\/revision-video-czechoslovakia-and-the-prague-spring-1968\">here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>The \u201cAction Program\u201d of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, April 10, 1968 (excerpts): <a href=\"http:\/\/library.thinkquest.org\/C001155\/documents\/doc13.htm\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (Print version\u00a0will be\u00a0clearer than the screen)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\u201cTwo thousand words that belong to workers, farmers, officials, scientists, artists and everybody,\u201d June 27, 1968:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/library.thinkquest.org\/C001155\/documents\/doc26.htm\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (Print version\u00a0will be clearer than the screen)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Pravda<\/em> justifies the crushing of the \u201cPrague Spring,\u201d August 22, 1968:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1968brezhnev.html\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>28.\u00a0 LECTURE:\u00a0 Wednesday, March 30<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Strategies of Stabilization.\u00a0 After the crushing of the Prague Spring, the leaders of the communist regimes in the Soviet Union and East Europe were intent upon finding ways to buy off the loyalties of their populations.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Kadar\u2019s \u201cGoulash Communism\u201d:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osaarchivum.org\/files\/holdings\/300\/8\/3\/text\/36-7-72.shtml\">HERE<\/a>\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Announcing the new &#8220;Wartburg 1000&#8221;:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1UxkVdOHGPY&amp;feature=related\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Building the Trabant:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zBsPFI--muo\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>&#8220;Wir tragen die blaue Fahne&#8221;:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nackQiSUdZ4\">HERE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Vaclav Havel, <em>Open Letters.<\/em>\u00a0 Read the\u00a0first half of the essay \u201cPower of the Powerless.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>29.\u00a0 DISCUSSION SECTION:<em>\u00a0 Friday,\u00a0April 1<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Discuss the first half (sections I-XV)\u00a0of\u00a0\u201dThe Power of the Powerless\u201d in Vaclav Havel, <em>Open Letters.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>Paragraph Assignment<\/em>:\u00a0\u00a0 If you had lived in communist eastern Europe at the time Havel was writing, would you have acted differently than the green grocer?<\/p>\n<p><strong>30.\u00a0 LECTURE:\u00a0<em>Monday, April 4<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>An emerging\u00a0Culture of Dissident in the Soviet Bloc.<\/strong>\u00a0 In the context of the communist regimes\u2019 stabilization strategies, small groups of dissident <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/havel.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-363\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/havel.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"152\" \/><\/a>activitists and intellectuals began to test the limits of permissible behavior.\u00a0 It\u2019 is important to differentiate between what we think their grivances should have been and what they actually were.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Second Wind,&#8221; in Vaclav Havel, <em>Open Letters<\/em>, pp. 3-9.<\/li>\n<li>Plastic People of the Universe:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ijmn1TWc53k&amp;feature=related\">HERE<\/a>\u00a0 (From what song did\u00a0Havel&#8217;s favorite band get its\u00a0name?)<\/li>\n<li>\u201cDeclaration of Charter \u201877,\u201d January 1, 1977:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/libpro.cts.cuni.cz\/charta\/docs\/declaration_of_charter_77.pdf\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>Previously secret:\u00a0 C<\/em>entral Intelligence Agency, \u201cDissident Activity in Eastern Europe:\u00a0 An Overview,\u201d April 1, 1977:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gwu.edu\/~nsarchiv\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB213\/usdocs\/USDoc3.pdf\">HERE<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>31.\u00a0 LECTURE:<\/strong>\u00a0 <strong>Wednesday<em>, April 6<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The End of the Cultural Revolution and Signs of a \u201cnew China.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 I will speculate on what kind of change was or was not possible in China in the 1970s.\u00a0 It\u2019s interesting to compare this period with Nikita Khrushchev\u2019s pronouncements at the 20th Congress of the CPSU.\u00a0 There are some similarities, but there\u00a0are also significant differences between the two periods.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Deng Xiaoping, \u201cThe \u2018Two-Whatever\u2019 Policy Does Not Accord With Marxism,\u201d\u00a0 May 24, 1977 (excerpts):\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bjreview.com.cn\/nation\/txt\/2009-05\/26\/content_197547.htm\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Deng Xiaoping, \u201cMao Zedong thought must be correctly understood,\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Third Plenary Session of the Tenth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party,\u00a0July 21, 1977 (excerpt):\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/dengxp\/vol2\/text\/b1120.html\">HERE<\/a>.\u00a0 (Print)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Your Second Essay Assignment\u00a0is <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nd.edu\/~amcadams\/Communism_2011\/Second_Essay_Assignment.html\">HERE<br \/>\n<\/a>The Essay will be due on Friday, April\u00a015<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>32.\u00a0 DISCUSSION SECTION: Friday, April 8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Havel II, Paragraph Assignment: \u00a0\u00a0We conclude our discussion of\u00a0Havel\u2019s \u201cPower of the Powerless.\u201d\u00a0 What\u00a0must happen for the green grocer to live within the truth, or even to want to live in the truth?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>3<strong>3.\u00a0 LECTURE:\u00a0<\/strong><em> <strong>Monday, April 11<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Two Challenges to Communism in Poland.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is impossible to\u00a0understand the fall of communism in Europe after 1989 without addressing the impact of\u00a0both Karol J\u00f3zef Wojty\u0142a\u2019s ascendency<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/JPIIPoland.jpg\"><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/JPIIPoland.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-349\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/files\/2011\/01\/JPIIPoland-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>to the papacy in 1978 and the formation of the independent Polish trade union movement, Solidarity (<em>Solidarno\u015b\u0107),<\/em> in 1980.\u00a0 In my view, the second event would not have taken place\u2013at least, not\u00a0as early as \u00a0it did\u2013without the first.\u00a0 In the documents below, note the rapid acceleration and politicization of the\u00a0themes over a mere 13 months.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Homily of his\u00a0Holiness John Paul II, June 2, 1979, Warsaw, Poland (look for the potentially incindiary issues in this homily):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nd.edu\/~amcadams\/Communism_2010\/PopeinPoland.html\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Two key documents from the early days of the Polish upheaval:\u00a0 (1)\u00a0\u201cThe 21 Demands\u201d (August 31, 1980); and (2) the \u201c<em>Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em> statute\u201d (November 17, 1980) (English originals):\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osaarchivum.org\/files\/holdings\/300\/8\/3\/text\/45-4-393.shtml\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Program of the First\u00a0<em>Solidarno\u015b\u0107<\/em>\u00a0 National Congress (October 7, 1981):\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bolshevik.org\/Pamphlets\/Solidarnosc\/solidarnosc_appendix.html\">HERE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0<br \/>\n<em>The use of electronic devices of any kind, including laptops, video cameras,\u00a0cell phones, and personal digital devices, is prohibited in my classroom!<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/?p=133\"><strong>Top of Page<\/strong><\/a><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><a title=\"Founders\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/?page_id=131\"><strong>Founders<\/strong><\/a><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><a title=\"Competitors\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/?page_id=139\"><strong>Competitors<\/strong><\/a><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><a title=\"Defenders\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/?page_id=141\"><strong>Defenders<\/strong><\/a><strong> \u00b7 <\/strong><a title=\"Reformers\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/?page_id=143\"><strong>Reformers<\/strong><\/a><strong> \u00b7 <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nd.edu\/communism\/?page_id=145\"><strong>Losers<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>27. LECTURE:\u00a0 Monday, March 28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Czechoslovakia tries and fails to define a version of socialism with a \u201chuman face.\u201d\u00a0 The experiments in socialist\u00a0reform in both Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968) were both overturned by Soviet bloc troops.\u00a0\u00a0The Czechoslovaks were different\u00a0than their neighbors in that they tried to engage in reform within Marxism-Leninism.\u00a0 You can watch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":114,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":40,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-143","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=143"}],"version-history":[{"count":39,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":272,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/143\/revisions\/272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/communism\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}