{"id":1,"date":"2017-03-28T11:31:24","date_gmt":"2017-03-28T11:31:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/?p=1"},"modified":"2017-03-29T22:55:44","modified_gmt":"2017-03-30T02:55:44","slug":"fragments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/2017\/03\/28\/fragments\/","title":{"rendered":"Fragment sampling in Cassandra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Much of my research efforts have involved the development Cassandra, an open-source Monte Carlo code capable of simulating molecular systems with\u00a0highly coupled degrees of freedom. Examples of systems that can be treated with this code are molecules containing \u00a0chain, rings, or both. The supported statistical mechanical ensembles are the canonical, isothermal-isobaric, grand-canonical and Gibbs ensembles. One of the main strengths of Cassandra is the possibility of computing phase equilibria of molecular systems. The key feature of Cassandra is how\u00a0sampling of internal molecular degrees of freedom occur and how this method is coupled to typical particle-insertion methods for phase equilibria, such as the Gibbs ensemble.<\/p>\n<p>In Cassandra, a molecule is decomposed into molecular\u00a0fragments. In general, a fragment is composed of a central\u00a0site bonded to two or more sites giving rise to multiple bond\u00a0angles at the central site. For instance, ethanol\u00a0is parsed into three distinct fragments, as shown below. \u00a0The first one is\u00a0an oxygen\u00a0atom connected to a hydrogen and a carbon atom. The second fragment is composed of a central carbon, bonded to two hydrogens, one oxygen and to another\u00a0carbon. Finally, the third fragment consists of a\u00a0central\u00a0carbon bonded to three hydrogens and one carbon.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"ethanol\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eLHUjp-BOug?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Once the fragments have been identified,\u00a0we\u00a0construct a Boltzmann distributed library\u00a0of conformations for each molecular fragment, as shown below. Each of the generated conformations has a different angle between its constituent atoms. Different configurations\u00a0are generated by performing a Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation using atom displacement moves in the ideal gas phase. This process is repeated for each of the three fragment types. All this is done in advance of the actual molecular simulation.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"fragLibGen\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3_2S_W17-oQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Using conformations drawn from this\u00a0library, a molecule is reassembled in the simulation box in a fragment-by-fragment fashion,\u00a0reminiscent of the configurational-biased Monte Carlo algorithm. The insertion process starts by selecting a fragment that will serve as the\u00a0starting point for a regrowth move in the new box.\u00a0 After this, a random\u00a0conformation from the respective fragment library is chosen. Then,\u00a0the fragment is inserted\u00a0in the simulation box\u00a0in a predefined number of trial insertion positions. A configurational-biased\u00a0strategy is used to pick one of those positions.\u00a0The rest of the molecule is attached by\u00a0selecting a particular fragment conformation from the corresponding fragment\u00a0library and generating\u00a0several trial dihedral angles for the selected conformation that will\u00a0determine its relative orientation with respect to the\u00a0rest of the molecule. The process is repeated until all the deleted\u00a0fragments are replaced with new configurations.\u00a0The net result is that new bonds and dihedral angles are generated\u00a0for a segment of the molecule.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"cbmc\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QvK6BZbp2Hg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Much of my research efforts have involved the development Cassandra, an open-source Monte Carlo code capable of simulating molecular systems with\u00a0highly coupled degrees of freedom. Examples of systems that can be treated with this code are molecules containing \u00a0chain, rings, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/2017\/03\/28\/fragments\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2485,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2485"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions\/73"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/emarinrimoldi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}