{"id":116,"date":"2026-08-31T20:01:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T20:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/?page_id=116"},"modified":"2026-10-21T15:26:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T15:26:27","slug":"projects","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/projects\/","title":{"rendered":"Projects"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Wi-Fi Coexistence in 6 GHz<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Analysis of Real-World Cellular Networks<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Direct-to-Cell (D2C) Satellite Networks<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
CBRS\/C-band Coexistence<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Neutral Hosts for Spectrum Sharing<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Indoor\/Outdoor Classification<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Measurement-Driven Wireless Network Intelligence<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Platforms for Wireless Data Acquisition and Sharing<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Wi-Fi Coexistence in 6 GHz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) historic opening of 1,200 MHz in the 6 GHz band (5.925\u20137.125 GHz) for unlicensed use represents one of the most substantial expansions of unlicensed spectrum in history, powering next-generation Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7. However, this vast spectrum band is already densely occupied by mission-critical incumbent operations, including fixed point-to-point microwave links utilized by utilities, public safety, and cellular backhaul, as well as broadcast auxiliary services and satellite uplinks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our research investigates the foundational coexistence and interference dynamics between unlicensed devices and incumbent fixed services across all authorized operating classes: Low Power Indoor (LPI), Standard Power (SP) controlled by Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) systems, Very Low Power (VLP), and Geofenced Variable Power (GVP). Leveraging our customized, SigCap crowdsensing platform, we have executed unprecedented empirical measurement campaigns across large-scale deployments\u2014including over 16,000 indoor APs across 225 buildings at the University of Michigan, campus-wide deployments at the University of Notre Dame, and outdoor stadium-scale environments with ~900 standard power APs during 80,000-spectator football games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In close collaboration with the Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) under DOE CESER, we quantify building entry loss (BEL), outdoor signal leakage, additive interference from uncorrelated access points, and the validity of line-of-sight (LoS) propagation models within the main beam of incumbent microwave receivers. We also analyze client-to-client (C2C) communications and conduct ns-3 simulation studies of LPI\/SP self-coexistence. Our empirical findings directly substantiate formal regulatory filings before the FCC and international bodies such as Europe’s Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Group Participants:<\/strong> Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Dr. Seda Dogan-Tusha, Dr. Armed Tusha, Hossein Nasiri, Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Francis A. Gatsi, S.M. Haider Ali Shuvo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Collaborators:<\/strong> Dr. Aaron Striegel, Saeid Mehrdad, Mike Atkins \u2014 University of Notre Dame; James Helzerman\u2014 University of Michigan; Arupjyoti Bhuyan, John M. Beck, Nicholas James Kaminsky \u2014 Idaho National Laboratory; Jay Herman, Tim Godfrey \u2014 Electric Power Research Institute; David Hattey \u2014 Lockard & White, Inc.; Thomas Willis \u2014 AT&T Labs; Hardani Ismu Nabil \u2014 Sebelas Maret University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publications:<\/strong><\/summary>\n

[link]<\/a> Seda Tusha, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, and Monisha Ghosh \u201c6 GHz Usage Analysis in Real World<\/strong>,\u201d (2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Hardani Ismu Nabil, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, SM Shuvo, Joshua Roy Palathinkal, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cApp-Based Performance Characterization of Cellular and Wi-Fi Networks in Dense Stadium Deployments<\/strong>,\u201d arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.16008, accepted to 2026 ACM WiNTECH Workshop, (2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Saeid Mehrdad, Francis A Gatsi, Muhammad I Rochman, Aaron Striegel, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cBreaking the Link: Head-Motion Effects on VR Wi-Fi Connectivity Across 5 GHz and 6 GHz<\/strong>,\u201d ICC 2026-IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 1\u20136, IEEE, (2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Arupjyoti Bhuyan, John M Beck, Nicholas James Kaminski, Jay Herman, Tim Godfrey, David Hattey, Monisha Ghosh, Muhammad Rochman, and Thomas Willis \u201cDOE CESER 6 GHz Interference Study<\/strong>,\u201d Technical Report, Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States), (2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Jay Herman, Tim Godfrey, John M Beck, David Hattey, Muhammad I Rochman, Monisha Ghosh, Tom Willis, and Arupjyoti Bhuyan \u201c6 GHz Band Sharing Real-world Experimental Investigation Results and Recommendations<\/strong>,\u201d 2026 IEEE International Symposium on Spectrum Innovation (DySPAN), pp. 1\u201310, IEEE, (2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Hossein Nasiri, Seda Dogan-Tusha, Francis A Gatsi, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cWi-Fi Self-Coexistence in the 6 GHz Band: An ns-3 Evaluation of LPI and SP Usage<\/strong>,\u201d 2026 IEEE International Symposium on Spectrum Innovation (DySPAN), pp. 1\u20136, IEEE, (2026), DOI: 10.1109\/DySPAN69846.2026.11571098<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Monisha Ghosh \u201cRecent Regulatory Actions in 6 GHz<\/strong>,\u201d IEEE Wireless Communications 33(2), pp. 7\u20138, IEEE, (2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Hardani Ismu Nabil, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Hossein Nasiri, Francis A Gatsi, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cEvaluating Smartphone GNSS Accuracy for Geofenced 6 GHz Operations<\/strong>,\u201d 2026 IEEE International Symposium on Spectrum Innovation (DySPAN), pp. 1\u20136, IEEE, (2026), DOI: 10.1109\/DySPAN69846.2026.11571132<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Seda Dogan-Tusha, Armed Tusha, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Hossein Nasiri, Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Mike Atkins, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cEvaluation of Indoor\/Outdoor Sharing in the Unlicensed 6 GHz Band<\/strong>,\u201d 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), pp. 1\u20136, IEEE, (2025), DOI: 10.1109\/DySPAN64764.2025.11115954<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Seda Do\u011fan-Tusha, Armed Tusha, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Hossein Nasiri, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cSpectrum Sharing Characterization Using Smartphones: Exploring 6 GHz Sharing Through Large-Scale Wi-Fi 6E Measurements<\/strong>,\u201d IEEE Communications Magazine 63(2), pp. 70\u201376, IEEE, (2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Seda Dogan-Tusha, Armed Tusha, Hossein Nasiri, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cSpectrum Sharing in 6 GHz: How is it working out?<\/strong>,\u201d 2024 IEEE 25th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), pp. 791\u2013795, IEEE, (2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Seda Dogan-Tusha, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Armed Tusha, Hossein Nasiri, James Helzerman, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cEvaluating The Interference Potential in 6 GHz: An Extensive Measurement Campaign of A Dense Indoor Wi-Fi 6E Network<\/strong>,\u201d Proceedings of the 17th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation & Characterization (WiNTECH \u201923), pp. 1\u20138, ACM, (2023), DOI: 10.1145\/3615453.3616854<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Analysis of Real-World Cellular Networks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

TBA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publications:<\/strong><\/summary>\n

<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Direct-to-Cell (D2C) Satellite Networks toward 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Satellites are becoming part of the mobile network. The ITU’s 6G framework makes ubiquitous connectivity a usage scenario, and 3GPP, which has specified non-terrestrial networks (NTN), is designing 6G for terrestrial and satellite access together. The open question is how to design a satellite network that extends coverage, keeps a phone connected seamlessly as it moves between satellite and terrestrial networks, and delivers a connection reliable enough to depend on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another question is coexistence. Some satellite systems already operate in the same spectrum as terrestrial networks, and more will follow. How the two can share these bands without harmful interference, and how that sharing shapes coverage and mobility, will determine how far satellite access can scale. Sharing among satellites matters as well: the many co-channel beams of one constellation must share the spectrum with each other, and so must different constellations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Direct-to-cell (DtC) LTE is the first answer to both questions in commercial service: satellites carry an LTE base station and serve unmodified phones in a terrestrial operator’s spectrum. Because it is already deployed, we can study these questions on a real system rather than only in theory. We combine measurements of the live service with simulations to understand how DtC behaves today, and carry the lessons forward to 5G NTN and to satellite access in 6G.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Group Participants:<\/strong> Yuxi Chen, Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Rochman<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publications:<\/strong><\/summary>\n

<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

CBRS\/C-band Coexistence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The mid-band spectrum between 3.3 GHz and 4.2 GHz is the global sweet spot for 5G broadband, offering an optimal balance between wide-area coverage and high capacity. In the United States, however, this spectrum is fragmented across fundamentally distinct licensing paradigms: the 3.55\u20133.70 GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) governed by a three-tier dynamic sharing framework (Incumbents, Priority Access Licenses [PAL], and General Authorized Access [GAA]), the exclusively licensed high-power commercial C-band (3.70\u20133.98 GHz), and the upcoming Upper Mid-Band (3.98\u20134.20 GHz).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This project investigates the critical adjacent-channel coexistence and mutual interference challenges across the contiguous 3.7 GHz boundary. Disparities in authorized EIRP (macro base stations vs. low\/medium-power CBRS CBSDs), unsynchronized cross-operator Time Division Duplex (TDD) frame patterns, and adjacent-channel Out-of-Band Emission (OOBE) leakage pose severe obstacles to achieving expected mid-band performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Building on our prior measurement study in Chicago\u2014which first demonstrated mutual adjacent-channel throughput degradation (up to 60% on 4G CBRS and 43% on 5G C-band) between an indoor private 4G CBSD and outdoor commercial 5G C-band macrocell\u2014this project advances to an all-5G, outdoor commercial deployment on the University of Notre Dame campus. Using live commercial 5G NR networks in n48 (CBRS) and n77 (C-band), we synchronously captured device-level PHY performance (throughput, MCS, layers, and transmit power) alongside calibrated real-time spectrum analysis across controlled inter-UE separations (0\u201310 m). We show that co-located n77 uplink transmissions degrade CBRS downlink throughput by up to 86% and force modulation collapse to low-order QPSK. To mitigate this, we evaluated scheduler-enforced edge PRB-muting (12 PRBs \u2248 4.32 MHz internal guard buffer), demonstrating that it more than doubles user throughput at 0 m (14.3 Mbps \u2192 28.9 Mbps, a +102% gain) by recovering downlink MCS to 64-QAM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our findings from our prior work have directly informed pivotal FCC ex-parte submissions and comment filings (GN Docket 17-258 for CBRS and GN Docket 25-59 for Upper C-band), providing regulators and operators with field-validated coexistence boundaries and practical spectrum-sharing guidelines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Group Participants:<\/strong> Joshua Roy Palathinkal, S.M. Haider Ali Shuvo, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Rochman<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Collaborators:<\/strong> Dr. Vanlin Sathya, Mr. Shashank Misra \u2014 Celona Inc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publications:<\/strong><\/summary>\n

[link]<\/a> Monisha Ghosh, \u201cEx-Parte Submission on the Upper C-Band<\/strong>,\u201d FCC GN Docket No. 25-59, July 15, 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Monisha Ghosh, S. M. Haider Ali Shuvo, Joshua Roy Palathinkal, and Muhammad Rochman, \u201cReply Comments on FCC\u2019s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on the Upper C-Band<\/strong>,\u201d FCC GN Docket No. 25-59, February 18, 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Monisha Ghosh, Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Muhammad Rochman, and S. M. Haider Ali Shuvo, \u201cComments on FCC\u2019s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on the Upper C-Band<\/strong>,\u201d FCC GN Docket No. 25-59, January 20, 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Monisha Ghosh, Armed Tusha, Muhammad Rochman, Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Prashant Krishnamurthy, and Ilia Murtazashvili, \u201cComments on FCC\u2019s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on CBRS (Promoting Investment in the 3550\u20133700 MHz Band)<\/strong>,\u201d FCC GN Docket No. 17-258, November 6, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Vanlin Sathya, Monisha Ghosh, Bill Payne, and Mehmet Yavuz “A Measurement Study of the Impact of Adjacent Channel Interference between C-band and CBRS<\/strong>,” 2023 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pp. 1\u20136, IEEE, (2023), DOI: 10.1109\/PIMRC56721.2023.10294066<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Neutral Hosts for Spectrum Sharing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

With over 70% to 80% of all mobile data traffic consumed indoors, ensuring robust in-building cellular connectivity has become an imperative. However, contemporary building designs incorporate energy-efficient materials such as low-emissivity (low-E) glass and reinforced concrete that introduce severe penetration losses exceeding 20\u201325 dB in mid-band frequencies. Transmitting at elevated power from outdoor macro basestations fails to penetrate indoor cores, while forcing user devices to transmit at maximum uplink power, rapidly depleting batteries and generating thermal strain without resolving dead zones. Traditional active Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) remain financially and operationally prohibitive for most enterprise facilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This project examines Neutral Host Networks (NHNs) deployed over shared CBRS mid-band spectrum and private 4G\/5G infrastructure as a transformative solution. Utilizing Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN) architecture, a single physical indoor private cellular network seamlessly connects subscribers across multiple commercial Mobile Network Operators (e.g., AT&T, T-Mobile) without requiring user intervention or specialized client configurations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Through empirical evaluations across operational multi-story enterprise buildings, we compare neutral host performance against outdoor macrocellular penetration and enterprise Wi-Fi 6\/6E. Our findings establish that neutral host networks deliver remarkable gains: increasing indoor downlink throughput by up to 74% and uplink throughput by up to 91%, reducing device transmit power by up to 12 dB, and freeing up hundreds of resource blocks on outdoor macro networks to augment outdoor cellular capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Group Participants:<\/strong> Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Rochman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Collaborators:<\/strong> Dr. Vanlin Sathya, Dr. Mehmet Yavuz \u2014 Celona Inc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publications:<\/strong><\/summary>\n

[link]<\/a> Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Vanlin Sathya, Mehmet Yavuz, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cIndoor Neutral-Host Networks Over Shared Spectrum and Shared Infrastructure: A Comparison Study of Real-World Deployments<\/strong>,\u201d npj Wireless Technology, Nature Publishing Group, (2026), DOI: 10.1038\/s44459-026-00056-9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Vanlin Sathya, Mehmet Yavuz, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cIndoor Sharing in the Mid-Band: A Performance Study of Neutral-Host, Cellular Macro, and Wi-Fi<\/strong>,\u201d 2026 IEEE 23rd Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), pp. 1\u20136, IEEE, (2026), DOI: 10.1109\/CCNC65079.2026.11366606<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Muhammad Iqbal Rochman, Joshua Roy Palathinkal, Vanlin Sathya, Mehmet Yavuz, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cNeutral-Hosts In The Shared Mid-Bands: Addressing Indoor Cellular Performance<\/strong>,\u201d 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), pp. 1\u20136, IEEE, (2025), DOI: 10.1109\/DySPAN64764.2025.11115898<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Indoor\/Outdoor Classification<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

TBA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publications:<\/strong><\/summary>\n

<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Measurement-Driven Wireless Network Intelligence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Wireless networks generate vast amounts of measurement data from planned measurement campaigns, continuously collected device and link statistics, protocol events, system logs, packet traces, and network-management processes. The resulting measurements are analyzed to provide visibility into the behavior of devices, wireless links, applications, and end-to-end communication as well as discern network performance. While such measurement-based analysis remains fundamental to network operation, the ability to derive insight from the measurements for use in real-time to improve performance is even better. This project explores data-driven approaches to deriving insight from real-world measurement data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publications:<\/strong><\/summary>\n

[link]<\/a> Saeid Mehrdad, Francis A Gatsi, Muhammad I Rochman, Aaron Striegel, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cBreaking the Link: Head-Motion Effects on VR Wi-Fi Connectivity Across 5 GHz and 6 GHz<\/strong>,\u201d ICC 2026-IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 1\u20136, IEEE, (2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Francis A Gatsi, Muhammad I Rochman, Saeid Mehrdad, Aaron D Striegel, and Monisha Ghosh \u201cPoster: Measurements of Residential Broadband in a Midwest Town: Discerning WiFi Performance Factors<\/strong>,\u201d Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Internet Measurement Conference, pp. 1050\u20131051, (2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[link]<\/a> Francis A Gatsi, Muhammad I Rochman, Monisha Ghosh, and Aaron D Striegel \u201cRobust Determination of Wi-Fi Throughput Tests Being Indicative of Broadband Bottlenecks<\/strong>,\u201d 2025 34th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), pp. 1\u20136, IEEE, (2025)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Platforms for Wireless Data Acquisition and Sharing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

TBA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publications:<\/strong><\/summary>\n

<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Wi-Fi Coexistence in 6 GHz The Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) historic opening of 1,200 MHz in the 6 GHz band (5.925\u20137.125 GHz) for unlicensed use represents one of the most substantial expansions of unlicensed spectrum in history, powering next-generation Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7. However, this vast spectrum band is already densely occupied by mission-critical […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5205,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-116","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5205"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":176,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/116\/revisions\/176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/ghosh-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}