Ethnography Interview – Pat

Date: Tuesday, March 7th, 2017

Summary:

On my visit to the Mishawaka Food Pantry, I first talked to the director, Mike Hayes. After a long conversation, he introduced me to a man by the name of Pat (I did not ask for a last name). Pat works in the back “warehouse” area of the food pantry and assists with the day to day operations of food intake. He was around 60 years old and suffered from type 2 diabetes. He used to be married without children, until alcoholism took over his life and his wife divorced him. Now he travels from couch to couch as he can not stay healthy or clean enough to hold a job. Mike even mentioned that Pat will pass out from time to time in the back and they have to take him to the hospital via ambulance. Interestingly, Pat has no desire to find a job and reconnect with society. He said that he enjoyed being “off the grid” and did not enjoy the societal pressures that he used to feel. This was an interesting perspective that I had not yet heard from our other interviews.

Gallery Day Reflection

Presenting our research to our partners from the City of South Bend was a very rewarding experience for the team. I feel that we did a very good job of presenting our research in a colorful and organized manner, and the feedback that we received was also helpful. Out of the various comments that Cherri made, I felt that the most important was their recommendation to narrow down the scope of what we define as “homelessness.” This was similar to the advice of Mike Hayes from the Mishawaka Food Pantry, because people have their own definitions of the word and might not define themselves as such, when they really are homeless. Cherri also mentioned that it is important to consider all demographics of homeless people and to inquire if they have an ID or not. These are factors that will give us more widespread data and hopefully lead us to a propose a more suitable solution.

Gallery Day Summary

Date: March 8, 2017

Location: Stayer Center

Time: 9:30 am

It was a great morning with cinnamon bagels, coffee, and great company. It was really enjoyable to see everything come together on the board: our journey map, the user interviews, the expert interviews, the analogous immersions, the ethnographic research etc. I started to see the great benefits the design thinking and the sticky notes. It really helps to see patterns in the research that we’ve done and the information we have gathered from different sources.

We started with the journey map. Entice, Engage, Enter, Exit, and Extend. The key takeaway from Entice is that we need to figure out how to attract students from all of the middle schools. There is currently no academic advertising, it seems that SBSC only allows them to advertise the Arts magnet. We need to figure out the rules pertaining to this issue. In terms of Engage, discipline is one of the big issues. Our clients pointed out that we need to figure out how to flip the high expulsion rate from a negative to a positive. We need to show that it is a no-nonsense school that one can feel safe at and concentrate on their studies. The building itself is old and doesn’t look the best. Given the fact that it is an Arts magnet, we can leverage the skills of the students to spruce the school up a little with murals and paintings around the school. Painting the lockers to a brighter color could make a big difference as well. The extend step is also key because we need to be able to show the success of the students that have graduated from Clay. We need to show that they have gone on to good colleges or good jobs. We need to connect these graduates back to the community and middle schools to encourage students to go to Clay. Word of mouth is key. If people look at Clay in a positive light as a place that equipped and helped their role models become who they are, it will encourage more students to attend Clay in order to emulate them.

While working through the journey map we were able to make connections to the users and their various characteristics. Sophia, for example, is very interested in Arts, yet she chose to go to Adams high school because of the IB program. Additionally, we were able to see from Maria McKenna that she was concerned about safety, high expectations, and keeping their kids involved/out of trouble. We were able to see that Clay has a lot to offer we just need to figure out a way to show everyone that and advertise to the middle schools and parents in a target manner. We need statistics for those that would like statistics, we need simple and to the point advertisements for those that desire that, we need to potentially translate some materials for those that speak a different language, we need simple language for those that might not have gone to college. We need to work on student-teacher relations and ensuring that students feel supported and cared for.

It was really insightful to have Principal Eid and the English teacher there to see all of the research that we have put in and give us their feedback. They did a good job of directing us and keeping us focused by asking, “What does this mean? Or, so what?” Oftentimes, we didn’t have the answers to their questions, but it means we need to do more research and legwork. But I think it was really cool to show them that Clay is a good school. As Professor McKenna said, it is “South Bend’s best kept secret.” I think it made them happy to see that and gave them hope. But there are difficult questions like the reputation and word of mouth that need to be answered and solved that will take time. It will take time for the word of mouth to spread for the eldest children in some families to attend Clay and for their younger siblings to follow. It will take time to re-establish the reputation of Clay in the middle schools and with the parents. We need people to be proud of Clay for it to have an identity. It is not second fiddle to Adams or Penn, it is Clay and its a great place for a student to learn in its own right.

 

 

Work Around Photos – MP

Work Around Assignment

The following three images are all work-arounds that I noticed on my vacation in Paris and here on ND’s campus.

This sign was hanging in a crowded tourist area upside down so that the arrow would point in the correct direction.

This bike was locked to the edge of a garden instead of to a bike rack like it might have been.

This bike seat is covered by a plastic bag so that it stays dry in the rain.

Card Sort

When we were at the Downtown Soup Kitchen, we did a card sort for our interactive ethnography. We asked two questions, (1) What do you think a homeless person would spend their income on first?, and (2) What resources do you think a homeless person would take advantage of first? Above is a picture of the most frequent answers; for income: Food, housing, bills, medication, alcohol, cigarettes, drugs, clothing; for resources: Social services, Center For the Homeless (used for continuing education)/Churches (used for soup kitchens), Hospitals, and Oak Lawn.

Key Takeaways:

  1. It is important to ask the questions in a way that attempts to avoid biased answers. Rather than asking what they themselves would use income on, we tried to ask it in a way that avoided some preconceptions.
  2. Even so, people were hesitant to say that income was spent on alcohol/drugs. Therefore, there is either a misconception that this population is using income to buy these things or our card sort does have some inherent biases.
  3. As far as resources, the homeless population does largely depend on Social Security payments. Therefore, it is essential that they have addresses to send these payments to and/or a form of identification.

 

Immersion in Clay High School

10 February 2017

Visit/Tour of Clay High School

Location: Clay High School

Time: 8-10 am

Participants: Clay Team A and Team B, Principal Eid

After parking my car in the main parking lot, I walked in through the main door. From the outside, Clay looks like a normal high school, a little old but still in decent condition. After signing in with security, I make my way to the principal’s office. The hallways are lined with plaques, trophies, and artwork, reminiscent of my old high school. We sit down in Principal Eid’s office and discuss the history of Clay, our goals, and Principal Eid’s goals for the project. During this time, we are given a lot of literature on the South Bend Community School Corporation, the various high schools and middle schools. We get numbers on AP/dual class offerings and enrollment. We then are guided on a tour of the school by Principal Eid himself. It is clear that the Arts are a big part of the school as it is an Arts magnet. But another key part of the school is the slate of CTE courses available for those that want to enter the workforce out of high school. The CTE courses include welding, culinary arts, auto mechanic instruction, CNA, EMTN.

 

Key quotes:

“Penn receives 11,000 dollars per student whereas we only get 6,600 per student because of property taxes”

“The voucher system hit the public schools hard”

“The corporation has been losing between 300-500 kids per year, where are those kids going?”

“There is brain drain towards Adams”

“Once bussing started and Clay was no longer a neighborhood school, the demographics changed. You started to see more diversity. You also started to see more gang affiliation”

“We used to have 4-5 fights a day…gangs taking over parts of the school. There was an intersection that teachers used to avoid at all costs. In my first week I expelled 22 students for gang affiliation and destruction of environment. I was trying to set the tone”

“There was a surge of 773, 312 area codes from Chicago. We were inheriting poverty from another state”

“Right now we are at a student body of 1143. Ideally, I’d like us to be at 1400”

“Lasalle has all the smartypants and most of them end up going to Adams”

“Every morning, I watch 80 of the smartest students get bussed to Adams that are from our(Clay) district.”

 

Big issue

Clay has a reputation that precedes itself: poor, diverse, not where high achieving students go. Adams is seen as the crown jewel of the SBSC by the school board, the community, the parents, and the students in middle school. How do you make Clay a place where ALL students want to go because it is a good school on a number of fronts. It has strong academics(AP classes, good teachers will prepare you for college), good arts(for those that are interested, supplements and improves learning in other subjects like math and science), it is safe, it will push students to their potential, it has good athletics(something to be proud of and compete in), it has a good community(where one can feel supported and cared about).

 

3 Key takeways

  1. Clay is dealing with a vastly different socioeconomic demographic than Penn, many students on free and reduced lunch. This also means that there are fewer financial resources for the school to work with.
  2. Clay used to/still does have the reputation of being the “thug” school. Lots of fights, poorer demographic.
  3. Clay has tried to improve itself by getting more AP classes, CTE class offerings, increasing safety.

 

 

Workarounds

My roommate made this piece of artwork in her ceramics class freshman year and so we decided to keep our keys and small valuables in it as a way to not lose them.
I used an old wine bottle and popped some baby’s breath flowers in it to make a nice, easy piece of decoration. The nightstand itself is actually just a large storage box with a sheet over it.

Ethnographic Research

1. Expert Interview

Youngjae interviewed John Anella for his expert interview.

Date: 2/27/2017

Type: Expert Interview

Location: Brother’s Bar and Grill

Team Participants: Youngjae, Danny, Pat, and Steffen

User Characteristics:

Middle-aged white male, South Bend School Board member, Notre Dame Alum, Financial Advisor

Has two children at Adams High School

Superior academics is the biggest factor in deciding which school his children attend. (Adams’ IB program was a big merit)

Is not satisfied with the quality of South Bend public education in general.

Memorable quotes:

“The quality of South Bend public education system is not up to standard”

“IB program was a big factor in deciding to send my kids to Adams”

“Academics is the single most important factor I consider when I decided a school for my children”

Top 3 Learnings

  1. Parents are more focused on the academics when deciding schools
  2. Parents think IB is superior to the AP
  3. Magnet program was not a big factor in deciding schools

Key Insights

  1. Adams is definitely considered the most competitive in terms of academics
  2. Parents look at academics as one of the more important factors

2. User Interview #1

Youngjae surveyed and interviewed a 12th grade English class at Clay

Date: 3/2/2017

Type: User Interview

Location: Clay High School

Team participants: Youngjae, Guillermo

User Characteristics: 12th grade English class students

Memorable Quotes

“I didn’t learn much but I like the school”

“Some of the teachers do not seem committed enough or fit to teach”

“Bathrooms do not have soap!”

Top 3 Learnings

  1. Students generally were not satisfied with the quality of education at Clay
  2. Students generally were not satisfied with the facility of Clay
  3. Students generally were not satisfied with the “Gay Clay” image

Key Insight

  1. “Gay Clay” is the image students have of the school because of the larger LGBQT community at Clay compared to other schools
  2. This class of students did not consider the Performing Arts as a big factor when deciding to come to Clay
  3. This class of students were generally not satisfied with the quality of education at Clay

3. User Interview #2

Youngjae surveyed and interviewed a 12th grade AP English class at Clay

Date: 3/7/2017

Location: Clay High School

Team Participants: Youngjae, Guillermo

User Characteristics: 12th grade AP English class

Memorable Quotes

“I wish there was more funding for the Arts Magnet”

“Bathroom does not have soap!”

“I like the Arts Magnet because of the various offerings it provides to students that are not in the Magnet program”

“Clay could do a better job of advertising and marketing the AP programs and its strengths in general”

Top 3 Learnings

  1. Students are not satisfied with the school facilities
  2. Students think that some teachers are not committed enough
  3. Many students in this class decided to come to Clay because of the Performing Arts Magnet

Key Insights

  1. The “smarter kids”(because AP is the more advanced class) seemed more committed to contributing to the Clay community
  2. This class of students actually embraced and cherished the “Gay Clay” image as they deemed it meant Clay is the most inclusive and diverse of all public schools in South Bend
  3. A completely contrasting perspective on Clay compared to the regular English class we surveyed and interviewed
  4. There certainly are strengths that Clay can market better in order for it to increase enrollment

4. Immersion Experience

Youngjae participated in two separate classes on two separate dates to get a feeling of how classes are and how the students interact during class

Date: 3/2/2017 and 3/7/2017

Event: Class

Event Description: Two different classes(Regular English and AP English)

Key Takeaways:

There was a big discrepancy in behavior and commitment to class between the two classes. The regular English class seemed more distracted and less committed to learning and participating than the AP English class. This was also evident when we gave out the surveys and interviewed individual students. The regular English class did give some valuable insights; however, the AP English class was far more enthusiastic about expressing their opinions and concerns about the school. It was very beneficial for the team overall, as we got very contrasting views and feeling of atmosphere from these two different demographics.

5. Analogous Immersion

I decided to replicate the process of deciding high schools by walking through college decision process again. For the experience, the primary source of information was the Internet, word of mouth, and of course recollection of my memory. I focused on what I looked for when deciding a college and compared it to the process of high school decision.

1.Set Priorities

I decided what I would deem as the most important factors in deciding which college I wanted to go to. The first one was the quality of education. The second one was the prestige of the university.

1.Search

I searched the top National Universities online. My main source of information was the US News website as it was widely considered the most credible source.

2.Narrow Down

I narrowed down the search to the most prestigious schools in the nation mainly focusing on the rankings listed on US News. Based on my academic performance and various other activities in high school, I narrowed down the search to the top 20 ranked universities in the nation. In addition, I further narrowed down my search based on the information I gathered online through various forums and online communities and word of mouth from friends, teachers, and relatives.

3.Decision

The decision was a two way process as I had to get accepted to a school first in order to make a decision. Once all the results were out, I consulted my parents and did much deeper research on the colleges I got into with them to decide which school I would be attending. However, the two priorities I set at the beginning of the process were probably still the biggest factors.

Insights

The college decision process is obviously different from the high school decision process. However, I felt that precisely analyzing the different priorities that different socieconomic, cultural, and racial demographics have is essential.

Ethnography Interview Michael Hayes

Location: Mishawaka Food Pantry 

Date: Tuesday, March 7th, 2017

Participants: Matthew McCormick 

Interviewee: Michael Hayes, Director 

Summary:

To gain further insight on what other cities might be doing to help the problem of chronic homelessness, I traveled to the Mishawaka Food Pantry. Upon my arrival, I was introduced to Mike Hayes, Director of the food pantry. Mike and I spent about 45 minutes discussing the scope of the project that we are working on for the city of South Bend and information that he could provide to aid us moving forward.

Mike has spent several years on the Mishawaka City Council in addition to his time at the food pantry, and has a strong relationship with the government on tackling this issue. I explained that at this point in the project, we are still in discovery mode, but will soon be narrowing our scope. He then gave two main points that I feel are very important to our project at this time.

  1. Most people that he sees regularly all have separate, individual problems. There is not just one solution that can solve homelessness. For this reason, we have to segment our solution and focus on one area. For example, focus on homeless people receiving adequate medical attention, or assist in finding job opportunities for homeless people with a criminal record.
  2. It is important to define what homelessness is, and figure out how South Bend defines it. His experience in Mishawaka is that if you ask the city how many homeless people there are, they will probably say none because when they find one, they immediately take them to a shelter and do not count them. Most recently, he saw a number that said 11 homeless people in Mishawaka. However, he feels that there are many more who go “couch to couch” and do not consider themselves homeless but really indeed are. This is something that we should take into consideration when looking at South Bend specifically.

My time with Mike was very beneficial. He was open to helping out the team moving forward if we have any more questions and even said he has experience writing grants if we ever come to that point in our solution. He was a wealth of knowledge and I am very thankful that he took the time to speak with me.

Work Arounds Spring Break

My roommate and I had different solutions to how to prop up our phones to watch the in-flight entertainment shows/movies on our flight.

At a restaurant in Mexico, they had ran out of sauce containers, so we used the caps of drink cups to hold different kinds of salsa.