Ethnographic Research – Individual Interview 2 (DC)

Individual Interview 2 – Danny Cohen

Date: 2/22/2017

Type: Individual Interview with former St. Joe student currently at Notre Dame

User: Sean O’Brien is a junior at Notre Dame studying Accounting, originally from South Bend, IN. He attended St. Joe High School, a private school in South Bend. Young Jae and I conducted an interview in North Dining Hall, where we asked him some questions about his reasons for choosing St. Joe, and his perception of Clay High School.

Summary of Interview:

Entice:

What enticed him to attend St. Joe versus the other options?

  • Religion: Catholic education was important to him
  • Best academic high school in the area
  • College Preparedness: 20+ kids to Notre Dame every year
  • Family ties; multiple relatives went to St. Joe, including mom
  • Determined from very early on that he was going to St. Joe
  • Only one of two private schools in South Bend

It was clear from early on that Sean was going to St. Joe. With the family ties, Catholic education, and strong academics, it was the clear choice for him. In both the two interviews I conducted about high schools, family ties played a major role in determining where the student would go to school.

Enter:

Sean didn’t describe specifically how he began his high school experience, other talking a little bit about the feeder nature of education, where he went to an elementary and middle school that led into St. Joe. He is originally from Clay Township, and lived across from an elementary school that fed into Clay, so he had a lot of friends at Clay.

Engage:

Sean played football in high school, and took 5 AP classes in his time at St. Joe.

We didn’t speak much about his exit and extension after high school, but he went to Notre Dame and would very likely send his kid to a high school similar to St Joe in the future.

One of the interesting points that Sean touched on was the voucher program, which is a program that allows parents to send their kids to Catholic Schools for a greatly reduced price. He suggested that this might lead to some students who would normally attend a public school instead going to a private Catholic School, for the perceived superior education.

Sean also described the public school system in South Bend as being poorly run and managed, although he wasn’t able to go into a lot of details about that. It seems to be more of a talking point that public high schools in South Bend are bad, rather than actually one supported by hard facts.

Sean also discussed the issue of IB and AP, and why IB was perceived as being superior. He described the way in which IB candidates are separated from the rest of the school, and pursuing the honors track. However, he also conceded that the idea of an IB program is actually a farce in South Bend, since so few kids actually get the diploma. He called the IB program “a joke”, since the classes weren’t any more difficult than other classes.

Sean also talked about how sports were such a significant factor for parents when choosing where to send their kids. For parents of athletes, a major consideration for them is the quality of the sports team at the school, which I didn’t consider a potentially major factor until our interview with Sean.

There are definitely issues of race with regard to Clay’s enrollment, and Sean addressed how the school went from being predominantly white to much more diverse. He didn’t specify why this could have an effect on enrollment numbers, but this is definitely something we will look more into.

Significant Quotes:

“My friends chose Clay because it’s right by their house”

“A lot of professors send their kids to Adams, since it’s in the ‘Old Money Neighborhood’”

“I don’t think Clay has the thug culture that the others do. It’s probably one of the safer ones”

“Adams sends kids to Ivy League schools”

“Public education in South Bend is… very poorly run, and there are a lot of issues there”

“The schools are not managed well, some have problems with gangs and violence. That’s the perception, that they’re not great”

“The best public school around is Adams, because they have the IB program. They’re the best off of the four public high schools.”

“Back when you couldn’t go to every school, Clay was the best public school”

Ethnographic Research – Individual Interview 1 (DC)

Individual Interview 1 – Danny Cohen

Date: 2/25/2017

Type: Individual Interview with former Clay student currently at Notre Dame

User: Tess Swain is a junior at Notre Dame studying Marketing, originally from South Bend, IN. She attended Clay High School, and had a wonderful experience as a student there. I reached out to her per the suggestion of another interviewee, and had to contact her via email because she was abroad, so I was not able to obtain any video footage of the interview.

Summary of Interview:

Entice:

What enticed her to attend Clay High School versus the alternative options?

  • Family ties; seeing her siblings have a successful experience at Clay
  • Proximity; Clay was the closest high school to her house
  • Similarity; in her mind, all four public schools are almost the same
  • Convenience; easy to get to, and already informed about it due to siblings attending
  • Price; being a public school, it was a cheaper option than a private school like St. Joe

Overall, it seems that Tess and her parents had a relatively easy decision in choosing to send their kids to Clay High School. They used the experience of their older siblings to determine that it was a good school, and their initial motivation seemed to be motivated by convenience, price, and the relatively-similar academic experience that she could get at other schools.

Enter:

The way that Tess entered into Clay was simply to enroll in the school. Since it was the closest to her high school, it was easy for her to get to the school, and since the school is public, there are no admissions exams or requirements that she had to meet.

Engage:

  • Entering into the school community, and becoming a part of it.
  • Activities: Trick-or-Treating, Serving, Chanting, Playing Sports, Learning, Growing, Being Challenged, Being Supported
  • Some of the objects that Tess addressed were things like athletic events, service events, and learning in the classroom. These are the things that students are physically involved in when they’re at school, and evidently they are big contributors to a students’ enjoyment and success throughout high school.
  • Many of her interactions that she described were with staff members. Each day, students interact with teachers, principals, coaches, and more, and parents are likely concerned with how these adults mold and support their children. According to Tess, they did an excellent job.

Exit:

  • Currently, Tess is a student at Notre Dame.
  • The primary step in the exit process is graduation. Many parents would likely be concerned with their student graduating from high school, which is why graduation statistics are very important.
  • It could be useful to highlight successful alumni who go on to do great things, like Tess, because this shows the type of student that Clay creates.

Extend:

  • Once students leave high school, they tend to have limited interaction with the school. If they have siblings, like in Tess’s case, they might encourage them to attend the same school. It seems that with families, it’s rare for parents to send their kids to different high schools. Because of this, Clay should focus on attracting parents who haven’t yet decided on a school for their oldest child, in an attempt to get younger siblings into the school as well.

Tess also provided a lot of insight on the challenges facing Clay, and addressed some of the reasons why parents might send their kids to schools besides Clay. Some of the main observations she had were:

  • Adams is currently the most popular school to attend, due to friend groups, the IB program, and superior athletics.
  • Losing kids to Adams creates a drain-effect, where parents start to perceive it as the better school because more kids are going there, and this domino-effect leads to enrollment challenges for the other three public schools.
  • Some parents believe their kids will have a better shot at college or college athletics if they attend Adams.
  • Clay is rumored to have the worst magnet program of the 4 public schools.
  • Perception is that Clay is filled with fighting, has kids who don’t take school seriously, and receive a worse education.

Finally, Tess gave some advice on how Clay might be able to better market themselves to prospective families.

  • Increase the selection of classes, to draw back kids that are flocking to Adams for the IB courses.
  • Label of “Fine Arts Magnet” can be detrimental to the school’s image, if parents believe that arts are all that Clay has to offer.
  • Increased college preparation courses. This ties back into a point that Tess made about the perception that Clay might not excel at sending kids to college, and improving this could show parents that Clay is serious about the educational future of its students.

Overall, it seems that a lot of the challenges facing Clay are due to its image. People aren’t necessarily concerned with the statistics or facts about the school; rather, it seems that Clay has a problem with its image. Tess says throughout that she “has heard” things like fights being started, or issues with the magnet program, or that the school has gone downhill. This makes me question if parents are truly concerned with the statistics about the school, or if image, rumors, and advice from friends plays a much larger role in their decision.

Significant Quotes:

“I never even considered the other SB public schools because while they may have some variation of pros and cons, at the end of the day all four schools are virtually the same.”

“However, [St. Joe] was too expensive, and I knew Clay would offer me the exact same opportunities.”

 

“What I valued most about Clay was the sense of community.”

 

“[Clay teachers] care so deeply about not only how the students perform in the classroom but what kind of people they go on to become. I always felt that I was being challenged and rooted for, and I think that’s a very important thing to be able to say.”

 

“ I have also heard repeatedly that Clay has the worst magnet program of the four which may deter people from enrolling.”

“ I’ve heard people say that the kids start fights, don’t take school seriously, and receive a lesser education.”

 

“I feel that the label “Fine Arts magnet” is more harmful to Clay than the actual magnet itself.”

“While I thought Clay prepared me fairly well for college, some of my classmates strongly disagreed. We took one required career class freshman year which was not incredibly useful, so I think strengthening that type of requirement as well could be really helpful for students.”

 

Transcript from Interview:

 

Why did you decide to attend Clay, versus the other SB public schools? Private schools?

 

I went to Clay because my three older siblings did. They loved it, and it is the closest high school to my house so it was really a no brainer. I never even considered the other SB public schools because while they may have some variation of pros and cons, at the end of the day all four schools are virtually the same. My mom went to Adams and only has positive things to say about it but did not hesitate in sending us to Clay. It was the most convenient choice and gave us the same education/experience that she got at Adams.

Regarding private schools, I almost went to St. Joe because I grew up playing softball with their feeder team, so all of my teammates went on to school there. However, it was too expensive, and I knew Clay would offer me the exact same opportunities.

 

If you were trying to convince a middle-school parent to send their student to Clay, how would you do it? Essentially, what are the best selling points of Clay?

 

What I valued most about Clay was the sense of community. Traditions like the signature Canned Food Drive, trick-or-treating for the Evan Halford Foundation, and chanting with Derb at football/basketball games are unique to Clay and are some of my fondest memories. Teachers like Mrs. O’Blenis, Mr. Romans, and Mr. Kasper live for their students. They care so deeply about not only how the students perform in the classroom but what kind of people they go on to become. I always felt that I was being challenged and rooted for, and I think that’s a very important thing to be able to say. I also think Clay is a very welcoming place. With the variety sports/clubs/extra-curriculars available in addition to the Fine Arts magnet, there is something for everyone, and that harbors diversity.

 

Why do you believe a parent might choose NOT to send their student to Clay? What are some of the negative stereotypes associated with the school?

 

Right now, Adams is the “cool” school to go to. More and more kids want to follow their friends there, join the IB program, or go for athletics because their sports teams are now loaded due to increased enrollment. Adams’ rise to prominence negatively affects Clay, Riley, and Washington alike. Parents may not send their kids to Clay because they feel that they could get a better education or a better chance at college athletics by going to Adams. I have also heard repeatedly that Clay has the worst magnet program of the four which may deter people from enrolling. Clay currently has somewhat of a reputation that it has “gone downhill.” I’ve heard people say that the kids start fights, don’t take school seriously, and receive a lesser education.

 

What advice would you have for Clay to improve their student experience? More AP classes? Less focus on arts? More college prep classes?

 

I loved my experience at Clay, so this question is kind of hard to answer. I think more AP classes would be good and would certainly help take back some of the crowd that is rushing to Adams’ IB program. If possible, I think a wider selection of classes in general would help attract more students. I feel that the label “Fine Arts magnet” is more harmful to Clay than the actual magnet itself. I didn’t think there was too heavy of a focus on the arts or that the magnet detracted at all from other areas of study. But the magnet does target a niche audience and being pegged as a fine arts school dissuades some from attending. Some think that’s all Clay has to offer. More college prep classes would be incredibly beneficial. While I thought Clay prepared me fairly well for college, some of my classmates strongly disagreed. We took one required career class freshman year which was not incredibly useful, so I think strengthening that type of requirement as well could be really helpful for students.

Archetype Mapping

Archetype Mapping

Clay High School Group

Axes

  • Economic Freedom (Financial freedom to decide where to send their child)
  • Interest in broad education (Arts, AP, athletics, numerous academic choices) vs. Interest in single, specialized education (Only computer courses, only AP courses, sole focus on arts, only enrolling in CTE (Career Technical Education) courses)

 

Ethnography feedback

Great that your team was able to speak to Mr. Booker.  What are some of the impactful stories you heard?  Key insights?  Do you have any images?

LOVE that your team did the soup kitchen work and spent time getting to know those you were serving.  What a beautiful act of service!  Similarly, would like to read some of the important insights captured from this work.

Keep up the great work team!

Ethnographic Research Feeback

Excellent work team!  You have two expert interviews complete.  For other interviews, please conduct the interview in context if possible.  It would be helpful to have the expert show you how they find information they need or complete certain tasks.  Or to show you how they believe patients/users complete certain tasks.  When in context the AEIOU framework you started to use to capture your Starbucks interview will make a lot more sense.  This also would give you meaningful photos.  I like that your team provided a Google link to the more-depth interview.

The immersion was spot on!  Actually waiting for the bus and feeling those struggles really helps you to connect with a user.  And nice job with the empathy around the length of time the trip took, the price of the ride, and the fact that the user may be not feeling well or have physical challenges complicating their process.  Was the return trip home similar?  Were the trip times consistent and convenient?

Expert Interview with Geoff Zimpelman-MHSA

Interview- 2/24/17

Joe and Alex sat down with Geoff Zimpelman to discuss the current transportation problems and solutions that exist for the Saint Joseph Health Systems group. As manager of population health and multi-cultural access at Saint Joseph Health Systems, Geoff has unique knowledge regarding the standing problem. Over the past few years, Geoff has worked with many community centered organizations to find sustainable solutions that would allow all people to have access to transportation, especially when it comes to making doctor appointments and other medical visits. The current transportation problem has various layers including lack of knowledge, low funding, and overall inefficient services. It seems that people working in this space have a few ideas that could work, but they are “waiting” for something big to happen that will allow their ideas (solutions) to come into fruition. Attached is the Ethnographic Summary that will go into more detail regarding our interview with Geoff.

 

Geoff Zimpelman- Ethnography Summary – Google Docs

 

 

Expert Interview- Michelle Peters, Director of Community Health and Wellbeing for St Joseph’s Health Systems

Expert Interview 2/13/16

Phone Interview led by Alexandra Charron with whole team present

The team started off our expert interviews by interviewing project contact Michelle Peters to get her perspective on the project and define a scope. Michelle is the Director of Community Health and Well- Being for Saint Joseph Health System. Through speaking with her, our team discovered the following issues and insights.

  1. The current systems in place are ineffective, underfunded, and often not utilized.
  2. The system needs to be flexible to appointment times and durations and often patients need to go to other locations after the appointment besides home. ( ex. Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, Medical Supply Shop or Grocery Store)
  3. There were several programs and systems tried before such as Angel Wings which were unsuccessful.
  4. The Transpo system is limited by funding and doesn’t have weekend routes, late night hours, or routes that cover all medical facilities.

Michelle also provided us with contact information of other experts within the St Joseph Health Care system as well as contacts at other organizations in the area to speak with who might provide context, experience, or advice.

Expert Interview

On Wednesday, we had the opportunity to interview Rob Booker, the program manager at St. Joseph County Community Corrections. It was very powerful to hear the stories that he had to share, as well as the wealth of knowledge he has about the local homeless population. Mr. Booker saw substance abuse as the biggest perpetrator of homelessness today in South Bend.

Date: Feb 22, 2017

Location: Mendoza

User Characteristics:

  • Approximately 40
  • Male
  • Program manager at the Ducomb Center in South Bend
  • 15+ years of experience

Ducomb Center:

The Ducomb Center is a Community Corrections Facility in which people come as a sort of “last resort” before jail time. Its typical resident is a nonviolent first time offender, with moderate risk. Residents must pay $100-300 (or 30% of their salary) to live in the center, which also offers a work release program. The end result of a resident’s stay in the Ducomb Center is usually a house arrest sentence after they cooperatively serve a given amount of time. The length of stay can be anywhere from six weeks to two months.

What is this person’s biggest pain?

As a person in the community corrections field for almost his whole life, Mr. Booker is sad to see repeat offenders coming back to the center in a worse condition than they left the first time. He often sees a cyclical process in which residents keep getting readmitted until they hit rock bottom, and hopefully realize that they need a lifestyle change.

Main Takeaways:

  • Substance abuse is the biggest perpetrator of homelessness
  • Need adequate treatment and services sooner
  • Need assistance with mental health issues
    • Coming out of jail, prisoners are only given a month’s supply of medications
    • After this, if they don’t have adequate healthcare they can no longer receive the drugs they need
  • Ducomb Center needs a doctor or psychiatrist on standby to assist with these types of issues
  • Residents typically don’t like staying in the center- their main goal is to get house arrest
  • Help people BEFORE they reach homelessness

Soup Kitchen Immersion

On February 17, we visited the Downtown Soup Kitchen and Food Pantry to help set up, serve food, and clean up. We were able to talk to some volunteers that come on a weekly basis and hear about the stories of people that have consistently come to the soup kitchen.

Key Takeaways:

  • Not all who use the soup kitchen are homeless (in fact, most were not homeless)
  • The homeless community seems to be friendly with each other- lots knew each other
  • The volunteers have valuable information from interacting with the population every week

AEIOU:

Activities: 

  • Pouring soup in the cups
  • Serving at the kitchen
  • Handing out the “to go” bags of soup
  • Setting up the tables and chairs
  • Cleaning the tables afterwards and putting chairs on top of tables

Environment:

  • First United Methodist Church (soup kitchen was in basement)
  • Friday morning
  • Approximately 50 people in the soup kitchen
  • Several tables and chairs, probably about 75% full
  • Large industrial kitchen

Interactions:

  • Meeting the local volunteers
  • Greeting the users as they came into the food pantry
  • Answering questions from the users
  • Handing out soup to go as the users were exiting the food pantry

Objects:

  • Food and groceries
  • Cups of soup
  • Tables/chairs

Users:

  • Volunteers
  • People using the soup kitchen
    • Both homeless and non homeless
  • Other group members at the kitchen