{"id":63,"date":"2020-01-30T20:53:54","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T00:53:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/isabel-snee\/?page_id=63"},"modified":"2020-02-14T18:21:38","modified_gmt":"2020-02-14T22:21:38","slug":"life-under-pressure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/isabel-snee\/life-under-pressure\/","title":{"rendered":"Life Under Pressure"},"content":{"rendered":"

Summary:<\/strong> This section examines how human anatomy correlates to human\u2019s enhanced ability explore the ocean’s mysterious depths. \u00a0 It explores how early diver troubleshooting and how experimentation led to innovative solutions. \u00a0This chapter explains that microscopic bubbles in the blood, between joints, and other key areas cause problems and pain risk the diver’s life. \u00a0The section also touches on the interactions between water outside the body and liquids and gases within the body, \u00a0inherently altering \u00a0metabolic processes with long-lasting effects.<\/p>\n

Bubbles in blood<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThe bends,\u201d or itchy skin and severe limb pain, occurs when compressed air decompresses and blood and tissue gas escapes. \"\"Blood bubbles grow and block finer blood vessels, preventing blood flow to tissues and causing profound cell death, clots, and tissue disruption. The \u201cchokes\u201d refer lungs bubbles that cause difficulty breathing.\u00a0 The \u201cstaggers\u201d result from inner ear bubbles impairing balance.\u00a0 The \u201cbends\u201d stem from bubbles in joints, and in more severe cases in the spinal cord that cause pins and needles. To escape the problem of the \u201cbends,\u201d scientists slow decompression rapid descent and gradual ascent.<\/p>\n

Skin Diving and the Bends<\/strong><\/p>\n

Without recompression after symptom onset, skin divers experience loss of conscious, paralysis, and even death.\u00a0 Pearl divers in the South Pacific experiencing these symptoms fell victim to the \u201cbends\u201d as they continually dove and resurfaced rapidly, not allowing enough time for the nitrogen dissolved in their tissues to escape.\u00a0Others, like the Ama of Japan, dove to collect Japanese delicacies but rarely contracted the \u201cbends.\u201d Women tend to be better divers since they can hold their breath longer and resist the cold longer.<\/p>\n

Entering the water<\/strong><\/p>\n

Upon immersion up to the neck, external water pressure forces blood upward and distends the great veins, increasing cardiac output. \u00a0Exiting the water, however, one\u2019s lower limbs have not received ample blood flow and thus may cause individuals to collapse and undergo cardiac arrest.\u00a0As such, rescue extraction from the sea is horizontal.<\/p>\n

Imploding and Exploding Organs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bodily gases occupy \u00a0small volume and experience extreme pressure under water. \u00a0Trying to inhale from under a meter of water remains virtually impossible due to external chest pressure and resistance within the tube. \"\"Ascending with full lungs tempts lung explosion since air will dramatically expand under less pressure. \u00a0Ear pain stems from trapped air in the middle ear. \u00a0To prevent implosion, the throat must connect to the middle ear, which is done by pinching your nose and blowing it. \u00a0\u00a0Brain damage can also occur under major pressure.<\/p>\n

Holding Breath<\/strong><\/p>\n

A diver becomes denser further down as air is compressed.\u00a0 On the ascent, the pressure decreases and the diver is again buoyant. \u00a0To maximize the time spent holding breath, rapid hyperventilation must first occur to push out remaining carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Rapture of the deep<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Scuba divers have been known to offer their mouth-pieces to passing fish.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nitrogen causes elation, perceived mental agility, detachment from reality, motor agility loss, and irrational behavior.\u00a0 Nitrogen intoxication mimics alcohol-like effects and poses a danger when prolonged and untreated.\u00a0 Like alcohol, one\u2019s nitrogen tolerance improves with exposure, allowing for deeper dives without these effects.<\/p>\n

Long-term dangers<\/strong><\/p>\n

Disabling pain in joints due to bone necrosis overlaps with where gas bubbles build up near the joints.\u00a0 The damage correlated to the depth, with extensive pain and deterioration occurring in seasoned divers. \u00a0Divers also suffer from long-term hearing loss.\u00a0 It is unclear whether neurological damage occurs directly from diving.<\/p>\n

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Summary: This section examines how human anatomy correlates to human\u2019s enhanced ability explore the ocean’s mysterious depths. \u00a0 It explores how early diver troubleshooting and how experimentation led to innovative solutions. \u00a0This chapter explains that microscopic bubbles in the blood, between joints, and other key areas cause problems and pain risk the diver’s life. \u00a0The … <\/p>\n

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