Cryogens are substances ( liquid nitrogen, dry ice, liquid helium, etc.) used to make very low temperatures, typically below 243 degrees Fahrenheit (145 degrees Celsius). These low temperatures create specific safety cautions. When dealing with cryogens, always wear the proper PPE. This includes safety glasses, a lab coat or long sleeves, long pants, closed toed shoes, and cryogenic gloves. Additional PPE that is not necessary is a rubber apron or face shield. Cryogenic gloves, unlike typical disposable gloves worn in the lab, are multi-use and must fit loosely. This is so if any cryogen spills, the gloves can be removed quickly to prevent freezing of the skin beneath. If any bare skin is exposed to a cryogen, do not rub the frozen body part. Instead, place the affected part in a warm water bath, not above 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius) and seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Storage of cryogens is important as well. Cryogens are liquid or solid gasses that boil off, and if care is not taken to keep the areas well ventilated, it can cause safety hazards. When using cryogens, do not place them on tile or laminate surfaces. The cold temperatures of the cryogens will destroy the adhesive and ruin the surface. Never store a cryogen in a sealed container at a temperature above the boiling point of the cryogen. As the cryogen boils into gas, pressure will build up in the container and it could explode. Do not store cryogens in confined areas like walk in refrigerators or rooms without ventilation. If the cryogen storage container leaks, then the atmosphere will become oxygen deficient.