Labs often make their own electronics, or repair electronics using soldering. Soldering is the process of making electronic connections using a low melting point metal alloy called solder that is melted and applied to metal parts. Soldering employs an iron to melt the solder, and the iron can reach up to 480 degrees Celsius. Thus, never touch the iron, and hold elements that need to be heated with tweezers or clamps. Always return the iron to the stand when not in use, and never put it down on the workbench. Ensure the soldering workplace is clear of anything flammable and electrical cords, to prevent a fire. Make sure your soldering station is on a fire resistant surface and a well ventilated location. When soldering is finished, turn off and unplug the soldering iron. If the iron has any visible damage to the body, cable, or plug, do not use it.
There are several types of solder used, and they have different safety hazards associated with them. This will address broad safety hazards for all, but check the MSDS for each solder and the chemical hygiene plan for more specific information. Solder can “spit” when heated, so wear eye protection and fire resistant clothing or a lab coat that covers the skin while soldering. Use rosin and lead free solder whenever possible. However, there are some cases where those types of solder are necessary. If that is the case, use a HEPA air filter or solder in a fume hood. Ensure that fume hoods and HEPA filters are tested annually and found to be in proper working order. Collect solder wasted in a lidded tin that is properly labeled with the type of solder being used. Replace the lid of the tin when not in use.