{"id":94,"date":"2021-08-27T21:54:32","date_gmt":"2021-08-28T01:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/?page_id=94"},"modified":"2025-10-30T22:48:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T02:48:24","slug":"about","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-025-02290-y\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/Published-Cover.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-943\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/Published-Cover.png 440w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/Published-Cover-226x300.png 226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 85vw, 440px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Preview-251030223139-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-945\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Preview-251030223139-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Preview-251030223139-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Preview-251030223139-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Preview-251030223139-1200x803.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Preview-251030223139.jpg 1416w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Welcome to the Liu Group! We create, manipulate, visualize, and understand novel quantum states of matter. Experimentally, we implement scanning tunneling microscopy, scanned Josephson tunneling microscopy, and single atom\/molecule manipulation at cryogenic temperatures. <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/research\/\">Read more about our research<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-yellow-color has-text-color\">Research Highlights<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1494\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/07\/UTe2-vortex_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-893\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/07\/UTe2-vortex_2.jpg 1494w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/07\/UTe2-vortex_2-300x95.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/07\/UTe2-vortex_2-1024x324.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/07\/UTe2-vortex_2-768x243.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/07\/UTe2-vortex_2-1200x380.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#1a1a1a\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Visualizing Vortex Doublet in the Spin-Triplet Superconductor UTe2<\/mark><\/strong><br><a href=\"http:\/\/10.1021\/acsnano.5c08406\">N. Sharma, et al. <em>ACS Nano<\/em> 19, 31539-31550 (2025)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1089\" height=\"345\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Adobe-Illustrator-2025-251030224751.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-951\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Adobe-Illustrator-2025-251030224751.jpg 1089w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Adobe-Illustrator-2025-251030224751-300x95.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Adobe-Illustrator-2025-251030224751-1024x324.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/10\/iScreen-Shoter-Adobe-Illustrator-2025-251030224751-768x243.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#1a1a1a\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Atomic Scale Josephson Frustration and Condensate-resolved Imaging in FeSe<\/mark><\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-025-02290-y\">N. Sharma, et al. Nature Materials 24, 1709\u20131715 (2025)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"599\" height=\"183\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/02\/Feedback-error.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-865\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/02\/Feedback-error.jpg 599w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/02\/Feedback-error-300x92.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 599px) 85vw, 599px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#1a1a1a\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Retrieving Material Properties from STM Error Signals<\/mark><\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c06404\">N. Sharma, et al. <em>Nano Letters<\/em> <strong>25<\/strong>, 3309\u20133315 (2025)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/simulator-1024x305.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/simulator-1024x305.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/simulator-300x89.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/simulator-768x229.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/simulator.png 1068w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#1a1a1a\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Molecular Quantum Simulators<\/mark><\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c01315\">N. Sharma, et al. <em>Nano Letters<\/em> <strong>24<\/strong>, 6658-6664 (2024)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"311\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2023\/06\/UTe2-composite-figure-1024x311.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-730\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2023\/06\/UTe2-composite-figure-1024x311.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2023\/06\/UTe2-composite-figure-300x91.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2023\/06\/UTe2-composite-figure-768x234.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2023\/06\/UTe2-composite-figure.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#1a1a1a\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Cooper pair density wave state in UTe2<\/mark><\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adk7219\">Q. Gu, et al. <em>Nature<\/em> <strong>618<\/strong>, 921-927 (2023)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"310\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/BL-borophene-1024x310.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/BL-borophene-1024x310.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/BL-borophene-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/BL-borophene-768x232.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/BL-borophene.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#1a1a1a\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Realization of bilayer borophene<\/mark><\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-021-01077-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">X. Liu, <em>et al<\/em>.&nbsp;<em>Nature Materials <strong>21<\/strong>, 35-<\/em><\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-021-01084-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">40<\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-021-01077-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em> (2022)<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"310\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/PDW-1024x310.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/PDW-1024x310.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/PDW-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/PDW-768x232.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/PDW.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#1a1a1a\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Discovery of a Cooper pair density wave state in NbSe2<br><\/mark><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.abd4607\">X. Liu, et al. <em>Science<\/em> <strong>372<\/strong>, 1447-1452 (2021)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"311\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/QVI-1024x311.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/QVI-1024x311.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/QVI-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/QVI-768x234.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2021\/08\/QVI.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:#1a1a1a\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Visualization of electronic fluid flow<br><\/mark><\/strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-021-01077-1\" target=\"_blank\">X. Liu, <em>et al<\/em>.&nbsp;<em>Nature Materials <strong>20<\/strong>, 1480\u20131484 (2021)<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/university-of-notre-dame-logo-E3E067D064-seeklogo.com_.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-802\" style=\"width:114px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/university-of-notre-dame-logo-E3E067D064-seeklogo.com_.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/university-of-notre-dame-logo-E3E067D064-seeklogo.com_-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 85vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/DOE-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-803\" style=\"width:114px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/DOE-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/DOE-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/DOE-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/DOE-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/DOE-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/DOE-1200x1200.png 1200w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2024\/07\/DOE.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1019\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/08\/NSF-Logo-T-1019x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-920\" style=\"width:114px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/08\/NSF-Logo-T-1019x1024.png 1019w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/08\/NSF-Logo-T-298x300.png 298w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/08\/NSF-Logo-T-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/08\/NSF-Logo-T-768x772.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/08\/NSF-Logo-T-1528x1536.png 1528w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/08\/NSF-Logo-T-1200x1206.png 1200w, https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/files\/2025\/08\/NSF-Logo-T.png 1722w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to the Liu Group! We create, manipulate, visualize, and understand novel quantum states of matter. Experimentally, we implement scanning tunneling microscopy, scanned Josephson tunneling microscopy, and single atom\/molecule manipulation at cryogenic temperatures. Read more about our research Research Highlights<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4039,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-94","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4039"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94"}],"version-history":[{"count":127,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":952,"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94\/revisions\/952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.nd.edu\/xliu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}