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Actin staining in Breast Cancer Cells. Actin forms the skeleton providing structure to cells. 
Human cells with nuclei stained blue, actin cytoskeleton protein stained green, and a multifunctional protein involved in metabolism and transcription stained red. 
Dividing cancer cells 
Lung cancer cells grown in 3 dimensions. 
Human lung cancer cells expressing a pH biosensor. 
Human cells expressing a pH biosensor. 
Normal breast cells grown in 3 dimensions. 
Normal breast cells grown in 3 dimensions. Nuclei are shown in cyan. Adhesion proteins that “stick” cells together shown in green, magenta, and white. 
pH dynamics can alter protein structure and function. From White et al. Sci Sig 2017. 
pH sensing can be mediated by single amino acid residues, or by the cooperation of a collections of amino acid residues in a protein.. 
Human cancer cells expressing a pH bioesnsor 
Cells interact with their environment using proteins stained in blue and magenta. Actin cytoskeleton stained in green provides structure and shape to cells.