Tag: joints

Vibration and Perception: Your Bike’s Buzz Might Trick Your Brain to Push Harder

Today I rode my bike through the widespread green prairie of South Quad here at Notre Dame. The expanse of thin and evenly tall blades of grass is sliced by strips of smooth concrete, which streak across its surface. Except, of course, that concrete is not really smooth. If you’ve ever (1) reached and dragged your hand across concrete paths or (2) crashed and dragged your body across the concrete, then you intrinsically know that even seemingly smooth paths have texture.

Close-up view of an empty asphalt road with a white center line stretching off into the distance, surrounded by green trees on both sides, under a blue sky with scattered clouds and sunlight falling in from the upper left. Used to highlight the rough texture of a road.

And when you ride over any textured terrain, your tire experiences consecutive minute vertical displacements–aka vibrations–and then your frame experiences these vibrations, and then your handlebars experience these vibrations, and then YOU experience these vibrations in your hands and feet. Advanced riders agree on two things about vibrations: they help you “feel” the texture of the trail, which improves control and confidence, and severe vibrations punish your forearms with lactic acid buildup, which increases fatigue. But how do vibrations affect the average rider on sidewalks and paths? How do they affect your muscular fatigue and performance in your extremities (arms/legs)? Because every time you ride a bike, you’re experiencing vibrations.

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Tap out before your ligaments do: The mechanics of Jiu Jitsu joint submissions

Take a look at one of your limbs and straighten it as much as you can. Notice that your elbows and knees each have a clearly defined limit of rotation – these are called “joint limits”. While you might not think about them much, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu fighters see our joint limits as exploitable weaknesses. Martial artists have been inventing and refining ways to hyperextend their opponents’ joints for hundreds (if not thousands) of years. These “joint submissions” are executed by acting as human levers or torque wrenches, trying to rotate joints past their limits. 

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Where the Treatable can become Life-Threatening: The Link Between Patellar Dislocations, Biomechanics, and Wilderness Emergency Medicine

The dislocation of the patella is the dislocation of the kneecap sideways— either laterally, to the outward facing side of the leg, or medially, to the inward facing side of the leg. While the condition is rare, accounting for around 3% of knee injuries, acute patellar dislocations are painful health emergencies with long-lasting consequences if not properly treated. This is especially true in a wilderness medicine context: a patellar dislocation may create dangerous and even deadly scenarios in the backcountry, where long, complicated evacuation processes will prolong patient discomfort and the precarious wilderness environment may lead to further danger. Thus certified wilderness first responders are permitted to perform straightforward dislocation reductions in a backcountry setting to alleviate pain and assist evacuation. 

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Patellar Tendonitis: Affecting Forces and Recovery Methods

Patellar tendonitis, also known as jumper’s knee, is inflammation of the patellar tendon. This tendon connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia. Its function is to extend the leg by transmitting the force produced by the quad to do so. Tendonitis develops when there is overuse of the tendon, Athletes who participate in sports such as basketball or volleyball are more likely to develop patellar tendonitis. Tendonitis is a complex injury that is difficult to overcome and can delay an athlete’s return to play. Understanding the forces acting on the tendon during jumping can help create a plan that will help the athlete return to play quickly and reduce the chances of reinjury.

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Ostrich-ized From Flight, But Not From Stride: The Unique Biomechanics of the World’s Fastest Bird

Ostriches are the largest two-footed bird. While they are unable to fly, they are the fastest running birds in the world, reaching speeds of up to 43 mph. But how are these large birds able to reach such fast speeds? Understanding the kinematics of ostrich motion compared to humans can reveal to us important information that can help when designing human-based technologies.

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Double-Jointedness: the Benefits and Drawbacks of Hypermobility

Simone Biles, Michael Phelps, Patrick Mahomes, and Shohei Ohtani are all athletes who have benefited from hypermobile joints. However, hypermobility can be both a blessing and a curse. Joint hypermobility, or “double-jointedness”, is when joints are able to move beyond their normal range of motion, and the connective tissue holding joints together is loose or weak. Most people with hypermobile joints do not experience any issues, but some suffer from ligament and tendon injuries, joint pain, tiredness, anxiety disorders, and bowel issues.

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Turf Toe Explained: The Metatarsal Joint Injury Behind a Common Sports Setback

In some of the world’s greatest sports such as football, soccer, basketball, etc., injuries are the topic of conversation. How many weeks will the franchise athlete miss with an Achilles tear, knee sprain, Tommy John surgery, or broken bone? However, an injury to the metatarsophalangeal joint, commonly known as Turf Toe, can cause an athlete severe pain leaving star players sidelined for prolonged periods of time. While the increased flexion at the connection between the great or big toe and the bottom of the foot will continue to be present in every high-level sport, understanding the mechanics surrounding this injury might help remediate and treat this pain in the future.  

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It’s Not About How Well You Fall, but How Well You Land – The Biomechanics of a Military Parachute Landing

Airborne operations have been a tactically advantageous method of entering a battlefield for decades. However, falling and more importantly, landing require a very technical and precise skill set to execute correctly without providing harm to the soldier’s body. The rapid deceleration that results when a paratrooper lands places a lot of force in a short amount of time on their joints. The rate of injury in airborne jumps is about 5 out of every 1000. An understanding of what is going on when a paratrooper lands— both correctly and incorrectly— can be beneficial to helping reduce injury to the soldier, and preserve the longevity of the soldier’s body. 

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Taking Collagen and Copper Supplements can decrease the risk of bone fractures

When we think of building strong bones, most of us picture drinking plenty of milk for its calcium—at least, that’s what our elementary gym teachers used to tell us. But building and maintaining strong bones requires more than just calcium from milk; supplemental vitamins play a key role in the development and maintenance of strong bones. Bone fractures are common in young, but especially elderly people, and adding collagen supplements to one’s diet can have a major impact on bone toughness reducing the risk of fractures.

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From Strain to Pain: Role of Altered Loadings at Joints as Onset for Osteoarthritis (OA)

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